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11. Propodeum (a1-a3) with raised median strip or triangle flanked by a sunken area, nucha in most species long and sculpted, and pronotal collar not carinate. Vertex, when carinate medially, touching or nearly touching lateral ocelli.
11'. Propodeum (aa1, aa2) weakly sculpted or entirely smooth, almost never with raised median strip, nucha short and unsculpted.
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Image credits: a1, a2: Schauff (1985a). a3: Woolley & Schauff (1987). aa1: aa2: Hansson (1985a).