This list of 300+ references covers areas of audiovisual speech perception, face perception, audiovisual integration and auditory speech perception. It is not meant to be comprehensive, but all of the research discussed on this website is cited. (Last updated 4/23/01)

Ades, A.E., (1977).  Vowels, consonants, speech and non-speech. Psychological Review, 84, 524-530.

Amerman, J.D. & Daniloff, R.G. (1977). Aspects of lingual coarticulation. Journal of Phonetics, 5, 107-113.

Aronson, E. & Rosenbloom, S. (1971).  Space perception in early infancy:  Perception within a common auditory-visual space.  Science, 172, 1161-1163.

Aslin, R. N. (1987).  Perceptual development.  Annual Review of Psychology, 39, 435-473.

Assal, G., Aubert, C., & Buttet, J. (1981).  Asymétrie cérébrale et reconnaissance de la voix.  Revue Neurologique, 137, 255-268

Assal, G., Zander, E., Kremin, H., & Buttet, J. (1976).  Discrimination des voix lors de lésions due cortex cérébral.  Archives Suisse de Neuologie, 119, 307-315.

Bahrick, L. E. & Pickens, J. N. (1994). Amodal relations: The basis for intermodal perception and learning in infancy. In D. J. Lewkowicz & R. Lickliter (Eds.), The development of intersensory perception: Comparative perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.

Barber, P.J., Vitkovitch, M., Wallbott, H., Ellgring, H.E., & Kotthaus, B. (1990).  Recommendations for screen display parameter settings for a videolink from a human performance perspective.  European Commission, RACE-Project, R1086 TELEMED.

Bartlett, J.C., & Searcy, J. (1993). Inversion and configuration of faces. Cognitive Psychology, 25(3), 281-316.

Bassili, J.N. (1978).  Facial motion in the perception of faces and of emotional expression.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance, 4, 373-379.  

Baynes, K., Funnell, M.G., & Fowler, C.A. (1994). Hemispheric contributions to the integration of visual and auditory information in speech perception. Perception & Psychophysics, 55(6), 633-641.

Bench, J. & Bamford, J. (1979).  Speech-Hearing Tests and the Spoken Language of Hearing Impaired Children.   London:  Academic Press.

Benguerel, A.P. & Pichora-Fuller, M.K. (1982).  Coarticulation effects in lipreading.  Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 25, 600-607.

Bermant, R. I., & Welch, R.B. (1976).  The effect of degree of visual- auditory stimulus separation and eye position upon the spatial interaction of vision and audition.  Perception and Motor Skills, 43, 487-493.

Bernstein, L.E.; Auer, E. T. Jr.; Tucker, P. E.(2001). Enhanced speechreading in deaf adults: Can short-term training/practice close the gap for hearing adults? Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research. 44 (1):5-18.

Bernstein, L. E.; Demorest, M. E.; Tucker, P. E. (2000) Speech perception without hearing. Perception & Psychophysics.62 (2): 233-252.

Bernstein, L.E.; Demorest, M. E.; Tucker, P. E. (1998). What makes a good speechreader? First you have to find one. In: R. Campbell andB. Dodd, Ed; et al. Hearing by eye II: Advances in the psychology of speechreading and auditory-visual speech.. Psychology Press/Erlbaum, 211-227.

Berry, D. S. (1990).  What can a moving face tell us?  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1004-1014.

Berry, D. S. (1991).  Child and adult sensitivity to gender information in patterns of facial motion.  Ecological Psychology, 3(4), 349-366.

Bertelson, P. & Radeau, M. (1981). Cross-modal bias and perceptual fusion with auditory-visual spatial discordance. Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 578-584.

Bertelson, P., Vroomen, J., Wiegeraad, G., &  de Gelder, B. (1994). Exploring the relation between McGurk interference and ventriloquism. Proceedings of the 1994 International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICLP94), 2, 559-562.

Best, C., McRoberts, G. W., & Sithole, N. M. (1988).  Examination of perceptual organization for nonnative speech contrasts:  Zulu click discrimination by English-speaking adults and infants.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance, 14, 345-360.

Bingham, G.P. (1987).  Scaling and kinematic form:  Further investigations on the visual perception of lifted weight.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance, 13(2), 155-177.

Bingham, G.P., Rosenblum, L.D., & Schmidt, R.C. (1995).  Dynamics and the orientation of kinematic forms in visual event recognition.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance. 21, 1473-1493.

Bladon, R.A.W. & Al-Bamerni, A. (1976). Coarticulation resistance in English /l/. Journal of Phonetics, 4, 137-150.

Blumstein, S., Isaacs, E., & Mertus, J. (1982).  The role of gross spectral shape as a perceptual cue to place of articulation in initial stop consonants.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 72, 43-50.

Boliek, C., Green, K., Fohr, K, & Obrzut, J. (submitted).  Auditory-visual perception of speech in children with learning disabilities:  The McGurk effect.  Paper submitted to the "International Neuropsychological Society" 24th Annual meeting, 1996.

Bradlow, A.R., Nygaard, L.C., & Pisoni, D.B. (1999). Effects of talker, rate, and amplitude variation on recognition memory for spoken words. Perception & Psychophysics, 61, 206-219.

Braida, L.D.  (1991).  Crossmodal integration in the identification of consonant segments.  The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.  43, 647-677.

Braunstein, M. L., Hoffman, D.D, & Pollick, F.E. (1990) Discriminating rigid from nonrigid motion: Minimum points and views. Perception & Psychophysics, 47 (3), 205-214.

Bricker, P. D., & Pruzansky, S. (1966).  Effects of stimulus content and duration on talker identification.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 40(6), 1441-1449.

Brooke, N.M., & Summerfield, A.Q.  (1983).  Analysis, synthesis and perception of visible articulatory movements.  Journal of Phonetics, 11, 63-76.

Bruce, V. (1979).  Searching for politicians: An information-processing approach to face recognition.  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31(3), 373-396.

Bruce, V. (1988).  Recognising faces. Erlbaum; Hove, England.

Bruce, V., & Valentine, T. (1988).  When a nod's as good as a wink: The role of dynamic information in facial recognition.  In M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris, & R. N. Sykes (Eds.),  Practical aspects of memory: Current research and issues, Vol. 1: Memory in everyday life (pp. 169-174).  New York:  John Wiley & Sons.

Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986). Understanding face recognition. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 305-327.

Buechel, C., Price, C. & Friston, K. (1998). A multimodal language region in the ventral visual pathway. Nature, 394 (6690), 274-277.

Buechel, C., Price, C., Frackowiak, R. S. J.; Friston, K. (1998) Different activation patterns in the visual cortex of late and congenitally blind subjects. Brain, 121, 409-419.

Calvert, G.A. Brammer, M.J., Bullmore, E.T., Campbell, R., Iversen, S.D. & David, A.S.  (1999).  Response amplification in sensory-specific cortices during crossmodal binding. Neuroreport, 10, 2619-2623.

Calvert, G.A., Bullmore, E., Brammer, M.J., Campbell, R., Iversen, S.D., Woodruff, P., McGuire, P., Williams, S., David, A.S.  (1997).  Silent lipreading activates the auditory cortex. Science, 276, 593-596.

Campbell, R. (1986).  The lateralization of lip-read sounds: A first look.  Brain and Cognition, 5(1), 1-21.

Campbell, R. (1989).  Lipreading.  In  A.W. Young & H.D. Ellis (Eds.),  Handbook of Research on Face Processing,  North-Holland:  Elsevier.

Campbell, R. (1992).  The neuropsychology of lipreading.  In V. Bruce, A. Cowey, A. W. Ellis, & D. I. Perrett (Eds.), Processing the facial image (pp. 39-45).  Oxford, England:   Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press.

Campbell, R. (1992).  The neuropsychology of lipreading.  Philisophical Transcriptions of the Royal Society of London, 335,  39-45.

Campbell, R. T., Landis, T., & Regard, M. (1986). Face recognition and lip-reading:  A neurological dissociation. Brain, 109, 509-521.

Campbell, R., De Gelder, B. & De Haan, E. (1996). The lateralization of lip-reading: A second look. Neuropsychologia, 34. 1235-1240.

Campbell, R.T., Brooks, B.  & De Haan, E., & Roberts, T. (1996), Dissociating face processing skills: Decisions about lip-read speech expression and identity. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 49, 295-314.

Carey, S., & Diamond, R. (1977). From piecemeal to configurational representation of faces. Science, 195, 312-314.

Choe, C.S., Welch, R.B.,  Guilford, R.M., & Juola, J.F. (1975).  The ventriloquist effect:  Visual dominance or response bias?  Perception and Psychophysics, 18, 55-60.

Christie, F. & Bruce, V. (1998). The role of dynamic information in the recognition of unfamiliar faces. Memory & Cognition, 26 780-790.

Church, B. A., & Schacter, D. L. (1994).  Perceptual specificity of auditory priming: Implicit memory for voice intonation and fundamental frequency.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(3), 521-533.

Clark, B. & Graybiel, A. (1966). Influence of Contact Cues on the Perception of the Oculogravic Illusion. U. S. Navy Aerospace Medical Institute & National Aeronautics & Space Administration Joint Report, (976).

Cohen L. G, Celnik P., Pascual-Leone A., Faiz L., Corwell B., Honda M., Sadato H., Gerloff C., Catala M.D. and M. Hallett. (1997). Functional relevance of crossmodal plasticity in the blind. Nature, 389, 180-182.

Cohen, M.M. & Massaro, D.W. (under review).  Perceiving visual and auditory information in consonant-vowel and vowel syllables.  Submitted to Journal of Experimental Psychology:  General.

Compton, A. J. (1963).  Effects of filtering and vocal duration upon the identification of speakers, aurally.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 35, 1748-1752.

Cooper, F.S., Delattre, P.C., Liberman, A.L., & Gerstman, L.J.  (1952).  Some experiments on the perception of synthetic speech sounds.   Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24, 597-606.

Craik, F.I., & Kirsner, K. (1974). The effect of speaker’s voice on word recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26(2), 274-284.

Creelman, C.D. (1957). Case of the unknown talker. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 29, 655.

Cutting, J. E.,  (1982).  Plucks and bows are categorically perceived, sometimes.  Perception and Psychophysics, 31, 462-476.

Cutting, J. E., & Kozlowski, L. T. (1977).  Recognizing friends by their walk:  Gait perception without familiarity cues.  Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 9, 353-356.

Cutting, J.E.,  & Rosner B.S.,  (1974).  Categories and boundaries in speech and music.  Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 564-570.

Cutting, J.E., Rosner B.S., & Foard, C.F., (1976).   Perceptual categories for music-like sounds:  Implications for theories of speech perception.  Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 28, 361-378.                  

Cytowic R. E. (1989). Synesthesia and mapping of subjective sensory dimensions. Neurology, 39, 849-50.

Damasio, A.R. (1989). Neural mechanisms. In A. Young, A. Ellis (Eds.) Handbook of research on face processing.  North Holland, Elsevier, p. 405-425.

Danz, A.D. & Binnie, C.A. (1983).  Quantification of the effects of training the auditory-visual recognition of connected speech.  Ear and Hearing, 4, 146-151.

Davis, H. & Silverman, S.R. (1970).  Hearing and Deafness (3rd Edition).  New York; Holt.

Delattre, P., Liberman, A.M., & Cooper, F.S. (1955).  Acoustic loci and transitional cues for consonants, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27,  769-773.

Delattre, P., Liberman, A.M., Cooper, F.S., and Gerstman, L.J. (1952).  An experimental study of the acoustic determinants of vowel color:  Observations on one- and two-formant vowles synthesized from spectrographic patterns, Word, 8, 195-210.

Demany, L., McKenzie, B., & Vurpillot, E. (1977).  Rhythm perception in early infancy.  In J. Oates & S. Sheldon (Eds.), Cognitive development in infancy  (pp. 105-109).  Hove, England:  Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

Demorest, M. E. & Bernstein, L. E. (1992). Sources of variability in speechreading sentences: A generalizability analysis. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 35, 876-891.

Desjardins, R.N. & Werker, J.F. (1995, June-July).  4-month-old infants notice both auditory and visual components of speech.  Poster presented at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Society, New York.

Diamond, R., & Carey, S. (1986). Why faces are not special: An effect of expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology:  General, 115, 107-117.

Diehl, R. L. & Kluender, K. R. (1989).  On the objects of speech perception.  Ecological Psychology, 1, 121-144.

Diesch, E. (1995). Left and right hemifield advantages of fusions and combinations in audiovisual speech perception. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Experimental Psychology, 48(2), 320-333.

Dodd, B. (1979).  Lipreading in infants:  Attention to speech presented in and out of synchrony.  Cognitive Psychology, 11,  478-484.

Doehring, D. G., & Bartholomeus, B. N. (1971).  Laterality effects in voice recognition.  Neuropsychologia, 9, 425-430.

Easton, R.D.,  & Moran, P.W.A. (1978). A quantitative confirmation of visual capture of curvature:  Implications for a visual dominance phenomenon.  Journal of General Psychology, 98, 105-112.

Eilers, R. E., & Minifie, F. D. (1975).  Fricative discrimination in early infancy.   Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 18, 158-167.

Eilers, R. E., Wilson, W. R., & Moore, J. M. (1977).  Developmental changes in speech discrimination in three-, six-, and twelve-month-old infants.  Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 20, 766-780.

Eimas, P. D., & Tartter, V. C. (1979).  On the development of speech perception:  Mechanisms and analogies.  In H. W. Reese & L. P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in child development and behavior, vol. 13.  NY:  Academic Press.

Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V., & Ellsworth, P.  (1982).  Emotion in the human face.  New York:  Pergamon Press.

Ellis, H. D. (1981).  Theoretical aspects of face recognition.  In G. M. Davies, H. D. Ellis, & J. W. Sheperd (Eds.), Perceiving and remembering faces.  London:  Academic Press.

Ellis, H. D. (1983).  The role of the right hemisphere in face perception.  In A. W. Young (Ed.), Functions of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere.  London:  Academic Press.

Ellis, H. D. (1986).  Processes underlying face recognition.  In R. Bruyer (Ed.), Neuropsychology of face perception and facial expression.  New Jersey:  Erlbaum.

Ellis, H.D. (1989). Processes underlying face recognition. In R. Bruyer (Ed.), Neuropsychology of face perception and facial expression. New Jersey: Erlbaum.

Erber, N. P. (1969).  Interaction of audition and vision in the recognition of oral speech stimuli. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 12, 423-425.

Erber, N.P. (1980).  Central Institute for the Deaf Research Department, Periodic Progress Report, 23.

Fodor, J.A. (1983). Modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books.

Foster, G.A. (1982).  The integration of audio-visual speech stimuli as a function of temporal desynchronization.  Proceedings of the Autumn Conference of the Institute of Acoustics, H3.1-H3.5.

Fowler, C. A. & Dekle, D. J. (1991). Listening with eye and hand: Cross-modal contributions to speech perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 17, 816-828.

Fowler, C. A. (1986).  An event approach to the study of speech perception from a direct-realist perspective.  Journal of Phonetics, 14, 3-28.

Fowler, C. A. (1989). Real objects of speech perception: A commentary on Diehl and Kluender. Ecological Psychology, 1, 145-160.

Fowler, C. A., & Rosenblum, L. D. (1991).  Perception of the phonetic gesture.  In I. G. Mattingly & M. Studdert-Kennedy (Eds.), Modularity and the motor theory.  Hillsdale, NJ:  Lawrence Erlbaum and Assoc.

Fowler, C.A. (1987).  Perceivers as realists, talkers too:  Commentary on papers by Strange, Diehl, et al., Rakerd and Verbrugge.  Journal of Memory and Language, 26, 547-587.

Gesi, A. T., Massaro, D. W. & Cohen, M. M. (1992). Discovery and expository methods in teaching visual consonant and word identification. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 35, 1180-1188.

Gibson, J. J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

Gibson, J. J. (1979).  The ecological approach to visual perception.  Boston:  Houghton-Mifflin.

Goldinger, S. D., Luce, P. A., Pisoni, D. B. & Marcario, J. K. (1992). Form-based priming in spoken word recognition: The roles of competition and bias. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 18, 1211-1238.

Goldschen (1993).  Continuous Automatic Speech Recognition By Lipreading.  Ph.D. Dissertation, George Washington University, Washington, DC, September, 1993.

Goldstein, U. (1976).  Speaker-identifying features based on formant tracks.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 59, 176-182.

Green, K. P. (1998). The use of auditory and visual information during phonetic processing: Implications for theories of speech perception. In R. Campbell & B. Dodd (Eds.), Hearing by Eye II:  Advances in the Psychology of Speechreading and Auditory-Visual Speech (pp. 3-25). London, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.

Green, K. P., Kuhl, P. K., Meltzoff, A. M., & Stevens, E. B. (1991).  Integrating speech information across talkers, gender, and sensory modality:  Female faces and male voices in the McGurk effect.  Perception and Psychophysics, 50, 524-536.

Green, K.P. & Gerdman, A.  (1995).  Cross-modal discrepancies in coarticulation and the integration of speech information:  The McGurk effect with mismatched vowels.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance, 21, 1409-1426.

Green, K.P. & Miller, J.L. (1985).  On the role of visual rate information in phonetic perception.  Perception and Psychophysics, 38, 269-276.

Green, K.P. (1994). The influence of an inverted face on the McGurk effect. Poster presented at the Spring, 1994, meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 3014 (Abstract).

Green, K.P., Kuhl, P.K., Meltzoff, A.M., & Stevens, E.B. (1991). Integrating speech information across talkers, gender, and sensory modality: Female faces and male voices in the McGurk effect. Perception & Psychophysics, 50, 524-536.

Greenberg, H.J. & Bode, D.L.  (1968).  Visual discrimination of consonants.  Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 11, 869-874.

Grenier, D. (1969).  La prospagnosie et la agnosie des voix.  Unpublished M. A. thesis, University of Montreal (cited in Kent and Rosenbek, 1982).

Halle, M. (1985).  Speculations about the representation of words in memory.  In V. A. Fromkin (Ed.), Phonetic linguistics (pp. 101-104).  New York:  Academic Press.

Harris, K.S. (1958).  Cues for the discrimination of American English fricatives in spoken syllables.  Language and Speech, 1, 1-7.

Hay, D. C., & Young, A. W. (1982).  The human face.  In A. W. Ellis (Ed.), Normality and pathology in cognitive functions.  London:  Academic Press.

Hildreth, E., Grzywacz, N.M., Adelson, E.H., & Inada, V.K. (1990) The perceptual buildup of three-dimensional structure from motion. Perception & Psychophysics, 48, 19-36.

Hillger, L. A. & Koenig, O. (1991). Separable mechanisms in face processing: Evidence from hemispheric specialization. Special Issue: Face Perception. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 3(1), 42-58.

Hinkle, R.R. (1979).  An investigation of list equivalency for auditory, visual and audiovisual performance using revised CID sentences, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University.

Horowitz, F. D. (1975).  Infant attention and discrimination:  Methodological and substantive issues.  Monographs of the society for research in child development, 5, 1-15. 

Horowitz, F. D., Paden, L., Bhana, K., & Self, P. (1972).  An infant-control procedure for studying infant visual fixations.  Developmental Psychology, 7, 90.

Humphreys, G.K., Goodale, M.A., Jakobson, L.S., & Servos, P. (1994). The role of surface information in object  recognition: Studies of a visual form agnosic and normal subjects. Perception, 23, 1457-1481.

IJsselddijk, F.J. (1992).  Speechreading performance under different conditions of video image, repetition, and speech rate.  Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 466-471.

Jackson, P.L. (1988).  Theoretical minimal unit for visual speech perception:  Visemes and coarticulation.  The Volta Review, 90, 99-115.

Jackson, P.L., Montgomery, A.A., & Binnie, C.A. (1976).  Perceptual dimensions underlying vowel lipreading performance.  Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 19, 796-812. 

Jenkins, J. J., Strange, W. & Edman. T. R. (1983). Identification of vowels in “vowelless” syllables. Perception & Psychophysics, 34, 441-450.

Jenkins, J. J., Strange, W. & Miranda, S. (1994).Vowel identification in mixed-speaker silent-center syllables. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 1030-1043.

Johansson, G. (1973). Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis.  Perception and Psychophysics, 14, 201-211.

Johnson, J. A., Rosenblum, L. D., & Saldaña, H. M (1994).  The contribution of a reduced visual image to speech perception in noise.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95(5), 2870.

Johnson, K. (1990). The role of perceived speaker identity in F0 normalization of vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 88, 642-654.

Johnson, K., Strand, E. A. & D’Imperio, M. (1999). Auditory—visual integration of talker gender in vowel perception. Journal of Phonetics, 27, 359-384.

Jordan, T.R., & Bevan, K. (1997). Seeing and hearing rotated faces:  Influences of facial orientation on visual and audio-visual speech recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance., 23, 388-403.                                         

Kewley-Port D., Watson, C.S. and Foyle, D.C. (1988).  Auditory temporal acuity in relation to category boundaries;  speech an nonspeech stimuli.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 83, 1133-1145.

Kinney, J. A. & Luria, S. M. (1970). Conflicting visual and tactual-kinesthetic stimulation. Perception & Psychophysics, 8, 189-192.

Klatt, D. H. (1979).  Speech perception: A model of acoustic-phonetic analysis and lexical access.  Journal of Phonetics, 7(3), 279-312.

Klatt, D. H. (1980).  Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer.  Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 67, 971-994.

Kluender, K. R. (1994). Speech perception as a tractable problem in cognitive science. In M. A. Gernsbacher, (Ed),  Handbook of Psycholinguistics (pp. 173-217). San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc.

Knight, B. & Johnston, A. (1997) The role of movement in face recognition. Visual Cognition, 4, 265-273.

Kozlowski, L.T., & Cutting, J. E. (1977).  Recognizing the sex of a walker from a dynamic point light display.  Perception and Psychophysics, 21, 575-580.

Kuhl, P. K. & Meltzoff, A. N. (1982).  The bimodal development of speech in infancy.  Science, 218, 1138-1141.

Kuhl, P. K. & Meltzoff, A. N. (1984).  The intermodal representation of speech in infants.  Infant Behavior and Development, 7, 361-381.

Kuhl, P. K. & Meltzoff, A. N. (1988).  Speech as an intermodal object of perception.  In A. Yonas (Ed.), Perceptual development in infancy:  The Minnesota symposia on child psychology, Vol. 20.  Hillsdale, NJ:  Erlbaum.

Kuhl, P. K. (1979).  The perception of speech in early infancy.  In N. J. Lass (Ed.), Speech and language:  Advances in basic research and practice.  NY:  Academic Press.

Kuhl, P. K. (1987).  Perception of speech and sound in early infancy.  In P. Salapatek and L. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of infant perception, Vol. 2: From perception to cognition. (p. 275-382). New York: Academic Press.

Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., & Meltzoff, A. N. (1991).  Cross-modal speech perception in adults and infants using nonspeech auditory stimuli.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance, 17, 829-840.

Kuhl, P. K., Williams, K. A., Lacerda, F., Stevens, K. N., & Lindblom (1992).  Linguistic experience alters phonetic perception in infants by 6 months of age.  Science, 255, 606-608.

Kujala, T., Alho, K., Huotilainen, M., & Ilmoniemi, R. J. (1997). Electrophysiological evidence for cross-modal plasticity in humans with early- and late-onset blindness. Psychophysiology, 34, 213-216.

Kujala, T., Alho, K., Kekoni, J., Hamalainen, H., Reinikainen, K., Salonen, O., Standertskjold-Nordenstam, C.G. & Naatanen R. (1995b). Auditory and somatosensory event-related brain potentials in early blind humans. Experimental Brain Research, 104, 519-526.

Kujala, T., Huotilainen, M., Sinkkonen, J., Ahonen, A., Alho, K., Hamalainen. M,S., Ilmoniemi, R,J., Kajola, M., Knuutila, J.E., Lavikainen J. (1995a). Visual cortex activation in blind humans during sound discrimination. Neuroscience Letters, 183, 143-146.

Lachs, L. (1999). A voice is a face is a voice: Cross-modal source identification of indexical information in speech. Research On Spoken Language Processing Progress Report No. 23, Indiana University.

Lander, K. Rosenblum, L.D., & Bruce, V. (In preparation.)  Recognizing 'Thatcherized' faces:  Influences of inverted and dynamic presentations.  To be submitted to Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance.

Lander, K., Christie, F. & Bruce, V. (1999). The role of movement in the recognition of famous faces. Memory & Cognition, 27, 974-985.

Larr, A.L. (1959).  Speechreading through closed-circuit television.  Volta Review, 61,  19-21.

Legerstee, M. (1990).  Infants use multimodal information to imitate speech sounds.  Infant Behavior and Development, 13, 343-354.

Levitt, A., Jusczyk, P. W., Murray, J., & Carden, G. (1988).  Context-effects in two-month-old infants' perception of labiodental/interdental fricative contrasts.  Journal of Experimental Psychology:  Human Perception and Performance, 14, 361-368.

Liberman, A.M.,  & Mattingly, I.G. (1985). The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition, 21(1), 1-36.

Liberman, A.M.,  Cooper, F. S.,  Shankweiler, D.P.,  & Studdert-Kennedy (1967). Perception of the speech code.  Psychological Review, 74,431-461.

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