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                                                     EXAMINATION & EXERCISES #1

Invertebrate Zoology:  Protozoa -- Platyhelminthes

(Contact)

 

[For answers please also refer to:  Borradaile, L. A. & F. A. Potts.  1958.  The Invertebrata.  Cambridge Univ. Press.  795 pp. and Pechenik J. A.  2004.  Biology of The Invertebrates.  5th edition. Boston:  McGraw-Hill Higher Education]

 

 

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1.  Briefly describe the structure and the function of each of the following structures in an animal:

 

     a.  trichocyst

 

 

     b.  siphonoglyph

 

 

     c.  seminal vesicle

 

 

     d.  nyoneme

 

 

     e.  statocyst

 

 

     f.  vitellaria

 

 

     g.  colloblast

 

 

     h.  cirrus in Protozoa

 

 

     i.  cirrus in Platyhelminthes

 

 

2.  Define each of the following terms and name the phylum, class or other group where it usually occurs:

 

     a.  strobilization

 

     b. conjugation

 

     c.  polymorphism

 

     d.  entolecithal eggs

 

     e.  holophytic nutrition

 

3.  Give two ways of distinguishing between each of the following:

 

     a.  cross-sections of a hydrozoan polyp and anthozoan polyp.

 

     b.  a colorless flagellate and a ciliate.

 

     c.  cross-sections of sycon and ascon sponges.

 

     d.  cross-sections of a turbellarian and a cestode.

 

     e.  a scyphozoan medusa and a hydrozoan medusa.

 

4.  Name the class or lower taxonomic groups of Protozoa where each of the following most generally occurs:

 

     a.  tentacles ___________________________________________________________________________.

 

     b.  reticulopidoa _______________________________________________________________________.

 

     c.  holophytic nutrition __________________________________________________________________.

 

     d.  two kinds of nuclei __________________________________________________________________.

 

     e.  axopodia __________________________________________________________________________.

 

     f.  parasitism _________________________________________________________________________.

 

5.  Name two animals, each from a different phylum having the following type of skeleton, and give the phylum and class for each:

                              Animal                                  Phylum                                     Class

     Calcareous

          a. ________________________________________________________________________.

 

          b. ________________________________________________________________________.

 

 

     Siliceous

          a. ________________________________________________________________________.

 

          b. ________________________________________________________________________.

 

 

     Proteinaceous

          a. ________________________________________________________________________.

 

          b. ________________________________________________________________________.

 

 

6.  Identify the following as to phylum and/or class:

 

     a.  cercaria

 

 

     b.  planula

 

 

     c.  sporozoite

 

 

     d.  cysticercus

 

 

     e.  amphiblastula

 

 

     f.  miracidium

 

 

7.  Fill in all blanks with X or O to indicate whether or not the items listed in the column at the left occur in the varius

          groups.

 

 

Hydrozoa

Scyphozoa

Anthozoa

Ctenophora

Alternation of

Generations

 

 

 

 

Nematocysts

 

 

 

 

 

Gastric filaments

 

 

 

 

 

Gullet

 

 

 

 

 

Statocyst

 

 

 

 

 

Mesoglea

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Turbellaria

Trematoda

Cestoda

Flame cells

 

 

 

All parasites

 

 

 

Ciliated epidermis

 

 

 

Hermaphroditism

 

 

 

Digestive tract

 

 

 

 

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