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HYMENOPTERA, Proctotrupoidea.-- Please refer also to the following website
for details on this group: Proctotrupoidea
= Link 1
All species in this Superfamily are parasitoids that attack the
immature stages of other insects. Most are small or very tiny, black and
shiny. They resemble chalcids,
cynipids, or some of the scolioid or bethyloids. The smaller species have a
reduced wing venation like the chalcids, but differ by the structure of the thorax and ovipositor. The pronotum is triangular in lateral view
and projects to the tegulae, and the ovipositor emanates from the tip of the
abdomen rather than from anterior.
Spome have their abdomen dorsoventrally flattened with the lateral
edges sharp. Proctotrupoids are not as widespread as the chalcids or
ichneumonids, and some are rare.
There are about 955 species known to occur in North America. Families
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - References:
Please refer to <biology.ref.htm>, [Additional references may be found at: MELVYL Library ] Chambers, V. H. 1955. Some hosts of Anteon
spp. (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) and a hyperparasite Ismarus
(Hymenoptera, Belytinae). Ent. Mon.
Mag. 91: 114-15. Chambers, V. H. 1971. Large populations
of Belytinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae).
Ent. Mon. Mag. 106: 104-54. Chao, H. F.
1962. Description of a new
species of Ropronia from Szechuan, China (Roproniidae,
Hymenoptera). Acta. Ent. Sinica 11: 377-81. Crosskey, R. W. 1956. Three new species
of Hyptiogaster Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Gasteruptiidae) from Eastern
Australia. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. Lond.
(B) 25: 121-26. Deyrup, M.
1985. Notes on the
Vanhorniidae (Hymenoptera). Great
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1978. New Diapriinae
(Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) from the South Island and Subantarctic Islands of
New Zealand. J. Roy. Soc. New Zeal.
8(2): 207-28. Early, J. W.
1980. The Diapriidae
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1983. A new species of the
genus Ropronia (Hymenoptera: Roproniidae). Entomotaxonomia 5(4):
279-80. He, J.-H. &
J.-M. Chu. 1990. A new genus and species of Vanhorniidae
from China (Hymenoptera: Serphidae). Acta Ent. Sinica 33: 102-04. Hellén,
W. 1963. Die Diapriinen Finlands (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Fauna Fennica 14: 1-35. Heqvist, K. J.
1959. A new species of Ropronia
from Burma (Proctotrupoidea, Heloridae).
Ent. Tidskr. 80: 137-39. Huggart, L. & L. Masner. 1983.
A review of myrmecophilic-symphilic diapriid wasps in the Holarctic
realm, with descriptions of new taxa and a key to genera (Hymenoptera:
Proctotrupoidea: Diapriidae).
Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst. 20:
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1979. Parasitism of Aphelopus
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J. 1916. Diapriidae. Das
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1978/1987. Superfamily
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Stewart. 1980. A note on Pelecinus polyturator
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ambiguus (Emery) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) en el Uruguay. Rev. de la Soc. Ent. Argentina 44(2): 129-36. Madl,
M. 1991. Zwei neue Ropronia-- Arten aus der
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387-92. Masner, L.
1976. A revision of the
Ismarinae of the New World (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae). Canad. Ent. 108: 1243-66. Mason, W. R. M. 1983. The abdomen of Vanhornia
eucnemidarum (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea). Canad. Ent. 116:
419-26. Mason, W. R. M. 1984. Structure and
movement of the abdomen of female Pelecinus polyturator
(Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae). Canad.
Ent. 115: 1483-88. Masner, L.
1956.
Bemerkungen zur Systematik der Gattung Parapegus Kieffer, 1908
(Hym., Scelionidae). Zool. Anz.
157: 234-39. Masner,
L. 1956 (1955). Bemerkungen zur Familie Scelionidae aus
der CSR (Hymenoptera). Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 30: 137-42. Masner, L.
1957. Remarks to the genus Iphitrachelus
Walker, 1835 (Hym. Scelionidae). Acta Soc. Ent. Cechoslov. 54: 54-61. Naumann, I. D.
1982. Systematics of the
Australian Ambositrinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), with a synopsis of
non-Australian genera of the subfamily.
Austr. J. Zool. Suppl. Ser. 85:
1-239. Naumann, I.
D. 1985.
The Australian species of Monomachidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea),
with a revised diagnosis of the family.
J. Austr. Ent. Soc. 24: 261-74. Naumann, I.
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The Ambositrinae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) of Melanesia. Invertebr.
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complex: a new family from Australia and
a key to world families (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea sensu lato). Austr. J.
Zool. 33: 761-83. Nixon, G.
E. J. 1938. A
preliminary revision of the British Proctotrupinae (Hym.,
Proctotrupoidea). Trans. Roy. Ent.
Soc. London 87: 431-65. Nixon, G. E. J. 1957. Hymenoptera. Proctotrupoidea. Diapriidae subfamily Belytinae. Handbks. Identif. British Insects, Vol. 8, Part 3 (dii). Roy. Ent. Soc. London, London,
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E. J. 1980. Diapriidae (Diapriinae).
Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea. Handbks. for Identificat.
British Insects, Vol. 8, Part 3 (di).
Roy. Ent. Soc. London, London, England. 55 p. Pasteels, J.
1955.
Contributions à l'etude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urundi
(Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). Hymenoptera Argidae,
Tenthredinidae et Gasteruptiidae.
Ann. Mus. R. Congo Belge 40:
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1956.
Révision du genre Gasteruption (Hymenoptera, Evanoidea,
Gasteruptionidae). I. Espèces de l'Afrique noire. Ann. Mus. R. Congo belge 50: 91 p. Pasteels, J.
1957. Révision du genre Gasteruption
(Hymenoptera, Evanoidea, Gasteruptionidae). III. Espèces néozélandaises. Bull. Ann. Soc. R. Ent. Belg. 93: 173-76. Pschorn-Walcher, H. 1957.
Zur Kenntnis der Diapriinae (Proctotrupoidea) der Wassmann-Sammlung. Mitt. schweiz. Ent. Ges. 30: 73-88. Pschorn-Walcher,
H. 1971. Heloridae et Proctotrupidae. Insecta Helvetica 4, Hymenoptera. Fotorotar,
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1955. Australian Heloridae,
including Monomachidae. Austr. J. Zool. 3:
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1955. A new species of Proctotrupes
reared from the ferm weevil (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupidae). Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 80, pt. 2. Risbec, J.
1956. Proctotrupides
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Rev. franc. Ent. 23: 244-64. Risbec,
J. 1957a. Chalcidoides et Proctotrupides de
l'Afrique-Occidentale francaise (6 Suppl.).
Proctotrupidae. Bull. de
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Hymenoptera Proctotrupidae. Ann. Mus. R. Congo belge
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J. 1957c. Description d'un nouveau Baeinien africain Parabaeus
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A. 1911. Systematische Übersicht der Monomachiden, 1er Kong. Internatl.
Ent. 2: 405-22. Sundholm,
A. 1957. Anopediella Sundh. congeneric with Platystasius
Nixon (Hym., Proctotrupoidea, Platygasteridae). Ent. Ts. 78: 269-71. Szabo, J. B.
1956a.
Neue palaearktische Scelioniden aus Ungarn (Hym., Proctotrup.). Rov. Közlem., n.s. 9: 197-202. Szabo, J.
B. 1956b. Die Revision zweier von Marshall
beschriebener Scelio Latr. Arten (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea). Rev. Közlem,
n.s. 9: 423-29. Szabo, J.
B. 1956c. Eine neue Proctotrupiden-Gattung aus
Neu-Guinea (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae).
Ann. Hist.-Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 7:
151-52. Szabo, J.
B. 1957. Zwei neue Trisacantha Arten (Hymenoptera,
Proctotrupoidea). Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Natl. Hung. 8: 375-79. Szelenyi,
G. 1955.
Fauna of Romagna (Coll. Zangheri).
A new species of Proctotrupidae (Hymenoptera). Boll. Soc. Ent. Ital. 85: 90-2. Townes, H. K.
1948. The serphoid Hymenoptera
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A revision of the Serphidae (Hymenoptera). Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 32.
541 p. Waloff, N.
1975. The parasitoids of the
nymphal and adult stages of leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha: Homoptera) of acidic grassland. Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. London 126: 637-86. Yasumatsu, K.
1956. Two new species of
Roproniidae (Hymenoptera). Insecta
Matsumurana 19(3-4): 117-22. |