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FLIES & MOTHS BREEDING IN ORGANIC WASTES
(Musca, Stomoxys,
Fannia, Tinea, etc.)
AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES
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27.
Legner, E. F. 1965.
Un complejo de los artrópodos que influyen los estadios juveniles de Musca domestica L. en Puerto Rico.
Carib. J. Sci. 5(3-4):
109-115. 28. Legner, E. F.
1965. Natural and induced
control of houseflies with parasites in southern California. The Calif. Golden Egg 4(6): 18. 33. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & C. W. McCoy. 1965.
Parasitic natural regulatory agents attacking Musca domestica L. in
Puerto Rico. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico
49(3): 368-376. 35. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay, H. W. Brydon & C. W. McCoy. 1966.
Research with parasites for biological control of house flies in
southern California. Calif. Agric. 20(4): 10-12. 36. Legner, E. F. 1966. Parasites of the house fly and other
filth-breeding Diptera in southern California. J. Econ. Entomol. 59(4):
999-1001. 37. Legner, E. F. & C. W. McCoy. 1966. The housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, as an exotic species in the Western
Hemisphere incites biological control studies. Canad. Entomol. 98(3): 243-248. 38. Legner, E. F. & H. W. Brydon. 1966. Suppression of dung inhabiting fly populations by pupal
parasites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(4) 638-651. 40. White, E. B. & E. F. Legner. 1966. Notes on the life
history of Aleochara taeniata, a staphylinid parasite of
the house fly, Musca domestica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(3): 573-577. 44. Legner et al.
(with V. E. Burton, A. S. Deal, W. C. Fairbanks, G. P. Georghiou, E.
C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson).
1966. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. Serv. Publ.
AXT-72, Rev. 16 pp. 46. Legner, E. F. 1967. Behavior changes the reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, Muscidifurax raptor,
and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae) at increasing fly host densities. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(4): 819-826. 47. Legner, E. F. 1967. The status of Nasonia vitripennis as
a natural parasite of the house fly, Musca
domestica. Canad. Entomol. 99(3): 308-309. 48. Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling.
1967. Host-feeding and
oviposition on Musca domestica by Spalangia cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis, and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
influences their longevity and fecundity.
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(3):
678-691. 49. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & E. B. White. 1967.
Activity of parasites from Diptera:
Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia canicularis and F. femoralis, at sites in the Western
Hemisphere. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.
60(2): 462-468. 50. Bennett, F. D. & E. F. Legner. 1967. Memorandum on the
possibilities of biological control of the muscid flies by hymenopterous parasites. Wld. Hlth. Org. VBC/67.22. 12 pp. 52. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968. The biological
method and integrated control of house and stable flies in California. Calif. Agric. 22(6): 1-4. 53. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968. Activity of
parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra
II. at sites in the Eastern
Hemisphere and Pacific area. Ann.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(5): 1306-1314. 54. Gerling, D. & E. F. Legner.
1968. Developmental history
and reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, parasite of synanthropic
flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(6): 1436-1443. 56. Legner et al.
(with Anderson, J. R., A. S. Deal, E. C. Loomis & M. H.
Swanson). 1968. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. Serv. Publ.
AXT-72. Rev. 13 pp. 57. Legner, E. F. 1969. Adult emergence interval and reproduction
in parasitic Hymenoptera influenced by host size and density. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 220-226. 61. Legner, E. F. & D. J. Greathead. 1969. Parasitism of pupae
in East African populations of Musca
domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.
62(1): 128-133 63. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay.
1970. The introduction of
natural enemies in California for the biological control of noxious flies and
gnats. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc.,
Inc. 37: 126-129. 66. Legner, E. F. 1970. Contemporary considerations on the
biological suppression of noxious brachycerous Diptera that breed in accumulated animal wastes. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc.
38: 88-89. 68. Legner et al.
(with Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. C.
Loomis & M. H. Swanson). 1970-1971. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. AXT-72. 16 pp 70. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1970. Worldwide survey
and comparison of adult predator and scavenger insect populations associated with domestic animal manure where
livestock is artificially congregated.
Hilgardia 40(9): 225-266. 72. Legner, E. F. 1971. Some effects of the ambient arthropod complex
on the density and potential parasitization of muscoid Diptera in poultry wastes. J. Econ. Entomol. 64(1): 111-115. 74. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1971. Distribution and
relative abundance of dipterous pupae and their parasitoids in accumulations
of domestic animal manure in the
southwestern United States. Hilgardia
40(14): 505-535. 80. Legner, E. F. 1972. Observations on hybridization and
heterosis in parasitoids of synanthropic flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65(1): 254-263. 85. Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. F.
Legner, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson.
1972. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Publ. AXT-72.
18 pp 88. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1972. Inundation with
parasitic insects to control filth breeding flies in California. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 40: 129-130. 90. Legner, E. F. & J. H. Poorbaugh, Jr. 1972.
Biological control of vector and noxious synanthropic flies: a review.
Calif. State Dept. Publ. Health, Vector Views 19(11): 81-100. 94. Legner, E. F. & W. R. Bowen. 1973. Influence of
available poultry manure breeding habitat on emergence density of
synanthropic flies (Diptera). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66(3): 533-538. 95. Legner, E. F. & R. E. Eastwood. 1973. Seasonal and
spatial distribution of Tinea fuscipunctella on poultry
ranches. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(3): 685-687. 96. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1973. House fly
breeding and associated parasitoids in decaying melon fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(4): 909-911. 98. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. D. McKeen, W. F. Rooney & R.
F. Hobza. 1973. Inverse relationships between mass of
breeding habitat and synanthropic fly
emergence and the measurement of population densities with sticky tapes in
California inland valleys. Environ. Entomol. 2(2): 199-205. 112. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & I. M. Hall. 1974.
The biological control of medically important arthropods. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 4(1): 85-113. 120. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1974. Biology of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of synanthropic
Diptera. Canad. Entomol. 106(8): 785-800. 127. Legner, E. F., B. B. Sugerman, H.-S. Yu and H. Lum. 1974.
Biological and integrated control of the bush fly, Musca sorbens Wiedemann and other filth
breeding Diptera in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 1: 1-14. 131. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1975. Winter inoculative
releases of parasitoids to reduce houseflies in poultry manure. J. Econ. Entomol. 68(1): 35-38. 133. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1974. Effectiveness of
supervised control practices in lowering population densities of synanthropic
flies on poultry ranches. Entomophaga 19(4): 467-478. 134. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. F. Rooney, W. D. McKeen & G.
W. Johnston. 1975. Integrated fly control on poultry ranches. Calif. Agric. 29(5): 8-10. 143. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1975. Filth fly sources
in decaying melon fields in southern California's low deserts. Calif. Agric. 29(1): 10-11. 152. Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. F.
Legner, & M. H. Swanson.
1975. Fly control on poultry
ranches. Univ. of Calif. Leaflet
2505. 17 pp. 155. Legner, E. F. 1976. The Musca
sorbens Wiedemann complex in
Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Entomol. News 87(1-2): 39-48. 157. Legner, E. F. 1976. Low storage temperature effects on the
reproductive potential of three parasites of Musca domestica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 69(3): 435-441. 159. Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton, R. E. Eastwood & E. J.
Dietrick. 1975. Seasonal density, distribution and
interactions of predatory and scavenger arthropods in
accumulating poultry wastes in coastal and interior southern California. Entomophaga 20(3): 269-283. 162.
Legner, E. F., I. Moore
& G. S. Olton. 1976. Tabular keys and biological notes to common
parasitoids and synanthropic Diptera breeding in accumulated animal
wastes. Entomol. News 87(3 &
4): 113-144. 164. Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C. Chapman & E. F. Legner. 1976.
Biological control of medical and veterinary pests. In:
"Theory and Practice of Biological
Control," p. 457-79. C. B.
Huffaker (ed.). Academic Press, Inc., New York, London. 169. Legner, E. F. 1977. Temperature, humidity and depth of habitat
influencing host destruction and fecundity of muscoid fly parasites. Entomophaga 22(2): 199-206. 175. Legner, E. F. & I. Moore. 1977.
The larva of Platystethus spiculus Erichson (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae) and its occurrence in bovine
feces in irrigated pastures. Psyche 84(2): 158-164. 176. Legner, E. F. 1978. Part I:
Parasites and predators introduced against arthropod pests. Diptera.
In: Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and
Weeds: a World Review (C. P. Clausen,
ed.), pp. 335-39; 346-55. Agric. Handbk. No. 480, ARS, USDA, U. S. Govt. Printing Off.,
Wash., D. C. 545 pp 178. Legner, E. F. 1978. Natural enemies imported in California for
the biological control of face fly, Musca
autumnalis DeGeer, and horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr.
Assoc., Inc. 46: 77-79. 182. Legner, E. F. 1979. Prolonged culture and inbreeding effects
on reproductive rates of two pteromalid parasites of muscoid flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1): 114-118. 183. Legner, E. F. 1979. Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on fresh vs. refrigerated fly
hosts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.
72(1): 155-157. 189. Legner, E. F. 1979. The relationship between host destruction
and parasite reproductive potential in Muscidifurax
raptor, M. zaraptor, and Spalangia
endius [Chalcidoidea:
Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga
24(2): 145-152. 200. Legner, E. F. 1981. Improving commercial biological control of
filth flies with parasites. pp.
5-10. In: U. S. Dept. Agric.
Publ. A- 106.2F64, "Status of
Biological Control of Filth Flies."
212 pp. 201. Legner, E. F. et al. (with E. C. Loomis, J. R.
Anderson, W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, R. A. Ernst & G. P. Georghiou). 1981.
Integrated management of pest flies on
poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif.
Leaflet 2505: 18 pp. 202. Legner, E. F., D. J. Greathead & I. Moore. 1981.
Equatorial East African predatory and scavenger arthropods in bovine
excrement. Environ. Entomol. 10(5): 620-625. 206. Legner, E. F. & M. E. Badgley. 1982. Improved parasites
for filth fly control. Calif. Agric.
36(9 & 10): 27. 207. Legner, E. F., E. J. Dietrick & D. J. Blehm. 1982.
New parasitic insects for biological control of synanthropic flies. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc.
50: 45-47. 213. Legner, E. F. 1983. Broadened view of Muscidifurax parasites associated with endophilous synanthropic
flies and sibling species in the Spalangia endius
complex. Proc. Calif. Mosq. &
Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 47-48. 214. Legner, E. F. 1983. Requirements for appraisal of the role of
parasitic insects in the natural control of synanthropic Diptera. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector
Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 97-98. 215. Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1983. Questions
concerning the dynamics of Onthophagus
gazella (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
with symbovine flies in the lower
Colorado Desert of California. Proc.
Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51: 99-101. 218. Legner, E. F. 1985. Effects of scheduled high temperature on
male production in thelytokous Muscidifurax
uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad.
Entomol. 117(3): 383-389. 220. Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1985. Genetic
improvement and inbreeding effects in culture of beneficial arthropods. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc.,
Inc. 52: 156-161. 222. Legner, E. F. 1985. Natural and induced sex ratio changes in
populations of thelytokous Muscidifurax
uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 78(3): 398-402. 227. Legner, E. F. 1986. The requirement for reassessment of
interactions among dung beetles, symbovine flies and natural enemies. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Misc. Publ.
61: 120-131. 228.
Legner, E. F. 1986.
Breeding superior parasitoids of Diptera using a novel extranuclear
inheritance mechanism. Proc. Calif.
Mosq. &
Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 44:
156-159. 229. Legner, E. F. 1986. Trapping efficiency of exophilous
synanthropic Diptera increased through considerations of behavior. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc.,
Inc. 54: 160-162. 230. Legner, E. F. 1987. Transfer of thelytoky to arrhenotokous Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 119(3): 265-271 232.
Legner, E. F. 1987.
Pattern of thelytoky acquisition in Muscidifurax raptor
Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2): 517-527. 233. Legner, E. F. 1987. Inheritance of gregarious and solitary
oviposition in Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Canad. Entomol. 119(9):
791-808. 234. Legner, E. F. 1987. Some quantitative aspects of inheritance
in breeding synanthropic fly parasitoids.
Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2); 528- 533. 238. Legner, E. F. 1988. Quantitation of heterotic behavior in
parasitic Hymenoptera. Ann. Entomol.
Soc. Amer. 81(4): 657-681. 239. Legner, E. F. 1988. Hybridization in principal parasitoids of synanthropic
Diptera: the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Hilgardia 56(4): 36 pp. 241. Legner, E. F. 1988. Studies of four thelytokous Puerto Rican
isolates of Muscidifurax uniraptor [Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 33(3); 269-280. 245. Legner, E. F. 1989. Fly parasitic wasp, Muscidifurax raptorellus
Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) invigorated through insemination by males of
different races. Bull. Soc. Vector
Ecol. 14(2): 291-300. 246. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1989. Coexistence of
predatory Muscina stabulans and Ophyra aenescens
[Dipt.: Muscidae] with dipterous prey in poultry
manure. Entomophaga 34(4): 453-461. 251. Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W. Warkentin. 1990.
Inoculation and spread of parasitic wasps to control filth flies in
poultry houses. Calif. Mosq. & Vector
Contr. Assoc., Inc. 57: 146-150. 252. Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W. Warkentin. 1990.
Inoculation of three pteromalid wasp species (Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae) increases parasitism and
mortality of Musca domestica L. pupae in poultry
manure. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol.
15(2): 149-155 253. Legner, E. F. 1990. Increasing parasitism and mortality of
synanthropic Muscidae. Proc. 2nd Intern.
Cong. Dipterology, Bratislava, Aug 27 - Sept. 1, 1990:
131. 256. Legner, E. F.
1991c. Influence of Onthophagus gazella on hornfly, Haematobia
irritans density in irrigated
pastures. Entomophaga 36: 547-53. 261. Legner, E. F. 1995. Biological control of Diptera of medical
and veterinary importance. J. Vector
Ecology 20(1): 59-120. 262. Legner. E. F. 1995. Host specificity patterns and determinants
in hymenopterous parasitoids: constraint
to the use of new associations. In: Paper No. 62, Abstracts 13th
International Plant Protection Congress, The Hague, The Netherlands, 2-7 July
1995. European J. Plant Pathology,
Kluwer Academic Publ. 264. Etzel, L. K. & E. F. Legner. 1999. Culture and
Colonization. In: T. W. Fisher
& T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p. 125-197, Handbook of Biological Control:
Principles and Applications.
Academic Press, San Diego, CA
1046 p. 265. Gordh, G., E. F. Legner & L. E. Caltagirone. 1999.
Biology of parasitic Hymenoptera.
In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr.
(eds.), Chapter 15, p. 355-381, Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1046 p. 266. Garcia, R. & E. F. Legner.
1999. Biological control of
medical and veterinary pests. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr.
(eds.), Chapter 15, p. 935-953, Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1046 pp. |