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FLIES & MOTHS BREEDING IN ORGANIC WASTES
(Musca,
Stomoxys, Fannia, Tinea, etc.)
AND THEIR
NATURAL ENEMIES
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27. Legner, E. F. 1965. Un complejo de
los artrópodos que influyen los estadios juveniles de Musca domestica L. en
Puerto Rico. Carib. J.
Sci. 5(3-4): 109-115. 28. Legner, E. F. 1965. Natural and
induced control of houseflies with parasites in southern California. The Calif. Golden Egg 4(6): 18. 33. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & C. W.
McCoy. 1965. Parasitic natural regulatory agents
attacking Musca domestica L. in Puerto Rico. J. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico 49(3): 368-376. 35. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay, H. W. Brydon
& C. W. McCoy. 1966. Research with parasites for biological
control of house flies in southern California.
Calif. Agric. 20(4): 10-12. 36. Legner, E. F. 1966. Parasites of the
house fly and other filth-breeding Diptera in southern California. J. Econ. Entomol. 59(4): 999-1001. 37. Legner, E. F. & C. W. McCoy. 1966.
The housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, as an exotic
species in the Western Hemisphere incites biological control studies. Canad. Entomol. 98(3):
243-248. 38. Legner, E. F. & H. W. Brydon. 1966. Suppression of dung inhabiting fly
populations by pupal parasites. Ann.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(4) 638-651. 40. White, E. B. & E. F. Legner. 1966. Notes on the life
history of Aleochara taeniata, a staphylinid parasite of
the house fly, Musca domestica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59(3): 573-577. 44. Legner et
al. (with V. E. Burton, A. S. Deal, W. C. Fairbanks, G. P.
Georghiou, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson). 1966. Fly control on poultry ranches.
Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. Serv. Publ. AXT-72, Rev. 16 pp. 46. Legner, E. F. 1967. Behavior changes
the reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, Muscidifurax raptor, and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at increasing
fly host densities. Ann. Entomol.
Soc. Amer. 60(4): 819-826. 47. Legner, E. F. 1967. The status of Nasonia vitripennis as a natural parasite of the house fly, Musca domestica. Canad.
Entomol. 99(3): 308-309. 48. Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling. 1967.
Host-feeding and oviposition on Musca
domestica by Spalangia cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis, and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influences their longevity and
fecundity. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.
60(3): 678-691. 49. Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay & E. B.
White. 1967. Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca
domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia canicularis
and F. femoralis, at sites in the Western Hemisphere. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(2): 462-468. 50. Bennett, F. D. & E. F. Legner. 1967.
Memorandum on the possibilities of biological control of the muscid
flies by hymenopterous parasites. Wld.
Hlth. Org. VBC/67.22. 12 pp. 52. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968.
The biological method and integrated control of house and stable flies
in California. Calif. Agric. 22(6): 1-4. 53. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1968.
Activity of parasites from Diptera:
Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra II. at sites in the Eastern Hemisphere and Pacific area. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(5): 1306-1314. 54. Gerling, D. & E. F. Legner. 1968.
Developmental history and reproduction of Spalangia cameroni,
parasite of synanthropic flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(6): 1436-1443. 56. Legner et
al. (with Anderson, J. R., A. S. Deal, E. C. Loomis & M. H.
Swanson). 1968. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. Serv. Publ. AXT-72. Rev.
13 pp. 57. Legner, E. F. 1969. Adult emergence interval
and reproduction in parasitic Hymenoptera influenced by host size and
density. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 220-226. 61. Legner, E. F. & D. J. Greathead. 1969.
Parasitism of pupae in East African populations of Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62(1): 128-133 63. Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay. 1970.
The introduction of natural enemies in California for the biological
control of noxious flies and gnats. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 37: 126-129. 66. Legner, E. F. 1970. Contemporary
considerations on the biological suppression of noxious brachycerous Diptera
that breed in accumulated animal wastes. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 38: 88-89. 68. Legner et
al. (with Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P.
Georghiou, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson). 1970-1971. Fly control on poultry ranches.
Univ. of Calif. Agric. Ext. AXT-72.
16 pp 70. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1970.
Worldwide survey and comparison of adult predator and scavenger insect
populations associated with domestic animal manure where livestock is
artificially congregated. Hilgardia
40(9): 225-266. 72. Legner, E. F. 1971. Some effects of
the ambient arthropod complex on the density and potential parasitization of
muscoid Diptera in poultry wastes.
J. Econ. Entomol. 64(1):
111-115. 74. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1971.
Distribution and relative abundance of dipterous pupae and their
parasitoids in accumulations of domestic animal manure in the southwestern United
States. Hilgardia 40(14): 505-535. 80. Legner, E. F. 1972. Observations on
hybridization and heterosis in parasitoids of synanthropic flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65(1): 254-263. 85. Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal,
G. P. Georghiou, E. F. Legner, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson. 1972.
Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ.
of Calif. Publ. AXT-72. 18 pp 88. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1972.
Inundation with parasitic insects to control filth breeding flies in
California. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 40: 129-130. 90. Legner, E. F. & J. H. Poorbaugh,
Jr. 1972. Biological control of vector and noxious synanthropic flies: a review.
Calif. State Dept. Publ. Health, Vector Views 19(11): 81-100. 94. Legner, E. F. & W. R. Bowen. 1973.
Influence of available poultry manure breeding habitat on emergence
density of synanthropic flies (Diptera). Ann.
Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66(3): 533-538. 95. Legner, E. F. & R. E. Eastwood. 1973.
Seasonal and spatial distribution of Tinea fuscipunctella on
poultry ranches. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(3): 685-687. 96. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1973.
House fly breeding and associated parasitoids in decaying melon
fields. J. Econ. Entomol. 66(4): 909-911. 98. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. D. McKeen,
W. F. Rooney & R. F. Hobza.
1973. Inverse relationships
between mass of breeding habitat and synanthropic fly emergence and the
measurement of population densities with sticky tapes in California inland
valleys. Environ. Entomol. 2(2): 199-205. 112. Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & I. M.
Hall. 1974. The biological control of medically important arthropods. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control 4(1): 85-113. 120. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1974.
Biology of Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae),
parasitoid of synanthropic Diptera.
Canad. Entomol. 106(8):
785-800. 127. Legner, E. F., B. B. Sugerman, H.-S. Yu and
H. Lum. 1974. Biological and integrated control of the
bush fly, Musca sorbens Wiedemann and other filth breeding Diptera in
Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.
Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 1:
1-14. 131. Olton, G. S. & E. F. Legner. 1975.
Winter inoculative releases of parasitoids to reduce houseflies in
poultry manure. J. Econ. Entomol. 68(1): 35-38. 133. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1974.
Effectiveness of supervised control practices in lowering population
densities of synanthropic flies on poultry ranches. Entomophaga 19(4):
467-478. 134. Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. F. Rooney,
W. D. McKeen & G. W. Johnston.
1975. Integrated fly control
on poultry ranches. Calif. Agric. 29(5):
8-10. 143. Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton. 1975.
Filth fly sources in decaying melon fields in southern California's
low deserts. Calif. Agric. 29(1): 10-11. 152. Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal,
G. P. Georghiou, E. F. Legner, & M. H. Swanson. 1975. Fly control on
poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Leaflet 2505. 17 pp. 155. Legner, E. F. 1976. The Musca sorbens Wiedemann complex in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall
Islands. Entomol. News 87(1-2): 39-48. 157. Legner, E. F. 1976. Low storage
temperature effects on the reproductive potential of three parasites of Musca domestica. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 69(3): 435-441. 159. Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton, R. E. Eastwood
& E. J. Dietrick. 1975. Seasonal density, distribution and
interactions of predatory and scavenger arthropods in accumulating poultry wastes in
coastal and interior southern California.
Entomophaga 20(3): 269-283. 162. Legner, E. F., I. Moore & G. S.
Olton. 1976. Tabular keys and biological notes to
common parasitoids and synanthropic Diptera breeding in accumulated animal wastes. Entomol. News 87(3 & 4): 113-144. 164. Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C. Chapman &
E. F. Legner. 1976. Biological control of medical and
veterinary pests. In: "Theory and Practice of Biological Control," p. 457-79. C. B. Huffaker (ed.). Academic Press,
Inc., New York, London. 169. Legner, E. F. 1977. Temperature,
humidity and depth of habitat influencing host destruction and fecundity of
muscoid fly parasites. Entomophaga 22(2):
199-206. 175. Legner, E. F. & I. Moore. 1977.
The larva of Platystethus spiculus Erichson (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae) and its occurrence in bovine
feces in irrigated pastures. Psyche 84(2): 158-164. 176. Legner, E. F. 1978. Part I: Parasites and predators introduced against
arthropod pests. Diptera. In: Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds: a World Review (C. P. Clausen, ed.), pp.
335-39; 346-55. Agric. Handbk. No. 480, ARS, USDA, U. S. Govt. Printing Off., Wash., D. C. 545 pp 178. Legner, E. F. 1978. Natural enemies
imported in California for the biological control of face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, and horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Proc.
Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 46: 77-79. 182. Legner, E. F. 1979. Prolonged culture
and inbreeding effects on reproductive rates of two pteromalid parasites of
muscoid flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1): 114-118. 183. Legner, E. F. 1979. Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on fresh
vs. refrigerated fly hosts. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1): 155-157. 189. Legner, E. F. 1979. The relationship between
host destruction and parasite reproductive potential in Muscidifurax raptor, M. zaraptor,
and Spalangia endius [Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae]. Entomophaga 24(2):
145-152. 200. Legner, E. F. 1981. Improving
commercial biological control of filth flies with parasites. pp. 5-10.
In: U. S. Dept. Agric. Publ. A- 106.2F64, "Status of Biological Control of Filth
Flies." 212 pp. 201. Legner, E. F. et al. (with E. C. Loomis,
J. R. Anderson, W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, R. A. Ernst & G. P.
Georghiou). 1981. Integrated management of pest flies on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Leaflet 2505: 18 pp. 202. Legner, E. F., D. J. Greathead & I.
Moore. 1981. Equatorial East African predatory and
scavenger arthropods in bovine excrement. Environ. Entomol. 10(5): 620-625. 206. Legner, E. F. & M. E. Badgley. 1982.
Improved parasites for filth fly control. Calif. Agric. 36(9 & 10):
27. 207. Legner, E. F., E. J. Dietrick & D. J.
Blehm. 1982. New parasitic insects for biological
control of synanthropic flies. Proc.
Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 50: 45-47. 213. Legner, E. F. 1983. Broadened view of
Muscidifurax parasites associated
with endophilous synanthropic flies and sibling species in the Spalangia
endius complex. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr.
Assoc., Inc. 51: 47-48. 214. Legner, E. F. 1983. Requirements for
appraisal of the role of parasitic insects in the natural control of
synanthropic Diptera. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc.
51: 97-98. 215. Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1983.
Questions concerning the dynamics of Onthophagus gazella
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with symbovine flies in the lower Colorado Desert of
California. Proc. Calif. Mosq. &
Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51:
99-101. 218. Legner, E. F. 1985. Effects of
scheduled high temperature on male production in thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Canad. Entomol. 117(3):
383-389. 220. Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin. 1985.
Genetic improvement and inbreeding effects in culture of beneficial
arthropods. Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 52: 156-161. 222. Legner, E. F. 1985. Natural and
induced sex ratio changes in populations of thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 78(3):
398-402. 227. Legner, E. F. 1986. The requirement
for reassessment of interactions among dung beetles, symbovine flies and
natural enemies. Entomol. Soc. Amer. Misc. Publ. 61: 120-131. 228. Legner, E. F. 1986.
Breeding superior parasitoids of Diptera using a novel extranuclear
inheritance mechanism. Proc. Calif.
Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc.
44: 156-159. 229. Legner, E. F. 1986. Trapping
efficiency of exophilous synanthropic Diptera increased through
considerations of behavior. Proc.
Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 54:
160-162. 230. Legner, E. F. 1987. Transfer of
thelytoky to arrhenotokous Muscidifurax
raptor Girault & Sanders
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Entomol. 119(3): 265-271 232. Legner, E. F. 1987. Pattern of
thelytoky acquisition in Muscidifurax
raptor Girault & Sanders
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull.
Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2):
517-527. 233. Legner, E. F. 1987. Inheritance of
gregarious and solitary oviposition in Muscidifurax
raptorellus Kogan & Legner
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Canad. Entomol. 119(9):
791-808. 234. Legner, E. F. 1987. Some quantitative
aspects of inheritance in breeding synanthropic fly parasitoids. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2); 528- 533. 238. Legner, E. F. 1988. Quantitation of
heterotic behavior in parasitic Hymenoptera.
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81(4):
657-681. 239. Legner, E. F. 1988. Hybridization in
principal parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera: the genus Muscidifurax
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).
Hilgardia 56(4): 36 pp. 241. Legner, E. F. 1988. Studies of four
thelytokous Puerto Rican isolates of Muscidifurax
uniraptor [Hymenoptera:
Pteromalidae].
Entomophaga
33(3); 269-280. 245. Legner, E. F. 1989. Fly parasitic
wasp, Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) invigorated through insemination by males of different races. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 14(2): 291-300. 246. Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick. 1989.
Coexistence of predatory Muscina
stabulans and Ophyra aenescens
[Dipt.: Muscidae] with dipterous prey in poultry manure. Entomophaga 34(4): 453-461. 251. Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W.
Warkentin. 1990. Inoculation and spread of parasitic wasps
to control filth flies in poultry houses. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc.
57: 146-150. 252. Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W.
Warkentin. 1990. Inoculation of three pteromalid wasp
species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) increases parasitism and mortality of Musca domestica L. pupae in poultry manure. Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 15(2):
149-155 253. Legner, E. F. 1990. Increasing
parasitism and mortality of synanthropic Muscidae. Proc. 2nd Intern. Cong. Dipterology, Bratislava, Aug 27 - Sept. 1, 1990: 131. 256. Legner, E. F. 1991c. Influence of Onthophagus gazella on hornfly, Haematobia
irritans density in irrigated
pastures. Entomophaga 36: 547-53. 261. Legner, E. F. 1995. Biological
control of Diptera of medical and veterinary importance. J. Vector Ecology 20(1): 59-120. 262. Legner. E. F. 1995. Host specificity
patterns and determinants in hymenopterous parasitoids: constraint to the use of new associations. In:
Paper No. 62, Abstracts 13th International Plant Protection Congress, The
Hague, The Netherlands, 2-7 July 1995.
European J. Plant Pathology, Kluwer Academic Publ. 264. Etzel, L. K. & E. F. Legner. 1999.
Culture and Colonization. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p.
125-197, Handbook of
Biological Control: Principles and
Applications. Academic Press, San
Diego, CA 1046 p. 265. Gordh, G., E. F. Legner & L. E.
Caltagirone. 1999. Biology of parasitic Hymenoptera. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr.
(eds.), Chapter 15, p. 355-381, Handbook of Biological Control:
Principles and Applications.
Academic Press, San Diego, CA
1046 p. 266. Garcia, R. & E. F. Legner. 1999.
Biological control of medical and veterinary pests. In: T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p. 935-953,
Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1046 pp. |