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247.  Revised 2003 from: Legner, E. F.  1989.  Phenotypic expressions of polygenes in Muscidifurax  raptorellus [Hym.: Pteromalidae], a synanthropic fly parasitoid.  Entomophaga 34(4):  523-530.

    

     {NOTE:  All Muscidifurax females regularly superparasitize their hosts (i.e., deposit more than one egg on a host pupa). 

       However, in gregarious sibling species development results in the survival of more than one individual to the adult stage.  

       In solitary species only a single individual survives to the adult stage.  Although the number of eggs laid on a host may

       also influence survival number, the present account measures only adult emergence.

 

                                                                                  Summary

 

 

                       Title Page                                                                                       References

 

                              Page 523     Page 524     Page 525     Page 526     Page 527

 

                                                 Page 528     Page 529     Page 530

 

                                                         Table 1     Table 2

 

 

                [Please refer also to Related Research #1;   #2 , Extended Treatment ►]]