OLD EGYPTIAN
NAMES *
[Contacts]
An ancient language form
that originated in the North African area of our most ancient civilizations
has been studied by Nyland
(2001). He found that many words used
to describe names of places and things in the area of Egypt seem to be
closely related to the ancient language, which is being called Saharan.
It appears that the Basque language is a close relative of the
original Saharan. Following is a
discussion of this relationship:
Amun
amu
- un.
amultsu - unibertsalki
affectionate - universally
"Universally affectionate".
This has to be a Goddess.
Aten
ate
- en.
aterpe - ene
refuge - my
"My refuge".
Ra. There are at
least four possible origins for Ra. My guess is that #1 is right.
aRa meaning pure (aratz)
eRa meaning devotion (eraspen)
irRa meaning radiating (irradiatu)
oRa meaning for ever (orain)
Re also has a few
possible derivations, the most likely being:
arRe meaning Redeemer (arrerosle)
FOUR CHILDREN OF
THE SUN GOD
Geb, (the Earth, a
male principle)
.ge
- eb.
age - ebo
agerian - eboluziozko
evidently - evolving
"Evidently evolving".
Shu, (the Air).
.xu, uxu (yodel
cry of happiness)
Tefnut, (the Water)
.te
- ef. - .nu - ut.
ete - ebo - onu - uto
etengabeki - eboluzionatu - onuts
- utopia
constantly - to evolve - perfect - utopia
"Constantly evolving perfect utopia".
Nut (the Heaven, the
Stars and the Ether; a female principle)
.nu
- ut.
onu - uto
onuts - utopia
perfect - utopia
"Perfect utopia".
GEB AND NUT’S FOUR CHILDREN
Osiris,
(personification of all that is good)
osi
- iri - is.
osintsu - irrikitasun - izate
very deep - desire - life
"Very deep desire for life".
Isis, (the
Goddess, introduced immortality of the soul and individual salvation)
.si
- is.
izi - izi
izigarri - izigarrikeria
terrible - atrocity
"Terrible atrocity".
Seth, (introduces
evil)
.se
- et. - .h.
ase - eta - aha
asegaitz - -eta - ahalmen
craving - abundance - power
"He craves an abundance of power".
Nephthys, (introduces
evil with Seth).
.ne
- eb. - .t. - .hi - is.
ene - ebe - eto - ohi - izu
enetan - eberu - etorri - ohinazestatu
- izugarriki
every time - Hebrews - to come - to suffer - horribly
"Every
time the Hebrews came we suffered horribly."
Horus, (son of Isis
and Osiris)
.ho
- oru - us
eho - oru - usa
ehortzi - orube - usa
to bury - site/place - dove/holy man
"He buried the holy man in this place".
Abydos, burial place
of the head of Osiris.
abi
- ido - os.
abia - idolo - oso
nest/home - idol - simple
"Simple home for the idol".
MAGICAL NAMES
It was surprising to learn that to
decode many of these very old names was straightforward, although
time-consuming. The names were all agglutinated according to the VCV formula,
but the words of the spoken language were not formulaically constructed. To agglutinate these names, the Egyptian
priests used only those words of the Neolithic Saharan language, which
started with vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV). The ancient Saharan language may
have been the language in popular use during the first two dynasties and
after that was probably maintained as a liturgical or secret language. It
still is spoken in close to its original condition as Basque in Europe. Aulestia's Basque
Dictionary (University of Nevada Press) was used for both decoding and
translating. In the name-assembly process the priests stuck religiously to
the VCV vowel-interlocking formula. In general, every consonant represents
one word.
The same formulaic name-encoding
system was used in unaltered form throughout Egyptian history. Names such as Rosetta,
Pharaoh, Nile and Egypt may be
relatively recent name creations, but they still yield their hidden meanings
in the same manner the very earliest Pharaohs' names. It appears that all
personal names have two meanings, the publicly known one and the secret one,
which meanings may not be the same or even closely so. The VCV system is
designed to decode the secret meaning of the name, which may or may not have
been divulged to the bearer.
Rosetta
.ro
- ose - et. - .ta
ero - ose - ete - eta
erotegi - ozen - etengabeko -
-eta
insane asylum - penetrating (voice/cry) - incessant -
overpowering
"The incessant penetrating (screams) from the insane asylum
are overpowering."
The scribes creating the inscriptions gave themselves
appropriate names such as:
Nesmeterakhem,
son of Nesmeterpanakhet at the time of Hadrian, AD 117-38 (Parkinson p.178)
.ne - es. - .me
- ete - era - ak. - .he - em.
ene - esa - ame - ete - era - ako - ohe - ema
ene - ezangarri - ameskile -
etengabeko - erran - akordiozko - ohetoki - emai
my - symbols - fanciful - continuous - saying/epigram -
traditional - burial chambre - gift
"My fanciful symbols (form) a continuous epigram,
a gift for the traditional burial chambre."
His father, Nesmeterpanakhet, used the
same introductory sentence, then adds:
.pa - ana - ak.
- .he - et.
apa - ana - ako - ohe - ete
apaindu - anaia - akordiozko -
ohetoki - etengabetasun
to make up - religious brother - traditional - burial
chambre - in perpetuity
"My fancyful symbols (form) a continuous epigram,
made up for the religious brother's traditional burial chambre in
perpetuity."
THE ROSETTA STONE
In contrast to
the VCV method used to agglutinate names, the Egyptians' writings on stone,
papyrus etc. made use of all words in the ancient vocabulary, as shown here
in a sentence borrowed from the Rosetta stone. Parkinson
in his book "Cracking Codes, the Rosetta Stone
and Decipherment" (p. 54) supplies us with the pronounciation of the
transliteration of the last sentence on the Rosetta Stone. Nyland shows the
corresponding Basque words and his translation
underneath (English 'sh' = Basque 'x'):
Rosetta: her
ahay
neti aat
rudj
em sech
Basque: herrikatu
ahaide
netik
atx
irudipetu
eman
sekretu
English: proclamation - our people - from
this date on - stone - to symbolize - the above - secret script
Translation: "Proclamation to our people. From
this date on the stone will symbolize the above in the secret script
ni
medu
netcher sech
ni
shay
sekhay ni
hau-nebu
? - eme'edukitsu
txera
sekretu ?
- xeheki
asekhai ? hau - uneburu
? - female'powerful - intelligent -
secret script - ? - in great detail - abundant - ? - this -
important place
of the Goddess in intelligent secret writing in great and
abundant detail in this important place."
My translation
differs considerably from the translation shown by Parkinson
in his book which reads:
"Upon a stela of hard stone in hieroglyphic writing, in demotic
writing, and in the script of the Aegians".
THE TITLE "PHARAOH"?
The title "pharaoh",
more accurately spelled "faraoh", is no Egyptian
invention because it is appropriate for males only:
.fa - ara - a.o
- oh.
afa - ara - aho - oha
afa - aragikeria - ahokatu -
ohaide
pleasing - fornication - to engage in - concubine
"Engaged in pleasing fornication (with a) concubine".
Otto Muck in "Cheops et la
Grande Pyramide" (1978) p.114, claims that the Shepherd Philitis brought
the title to Egypt from the north, witness Stonehenge in England. Diop calls
this an insipid notion. Pharaoh is an agglutinated title, likely of Latin
origin; neither the Egyptians nor Greeks pronounced the 'ph' as 'f'.
Nile
.ni
- ile
uni - ile
unibertsal - ilezkor
universal - immortal
"Universal and immortal".
Pyramid
.pi
- ira - ami - id.
epi - ira - ami - ide
epika - iragartzapen - amildu -
ideadura
epic - to prophesy - destruction - ideology
"The epic prophesied the destruction of our ideology".
That's
why they built for eternity.
Egypt
egi
- ip. - .t.
egi - ipu - uto
egin - ipuin - utopia
to create - legend - utopia
"They created the legend of utopia".
Dynasty
.dina
- asti
adina - astiz
so many - bright future
"So many bright futures".
FIRST
DYNASTY. (c.3100-2890 B.C.)
(The dates of
the dynasties are taken from "Who were the Pharaohs?" by Stephen
Quirke, Dover Publications, 1990.). A few of the following names can hardly
be called names because they sound like warnings to scare off tomb robbers.
Likely a case of mistaken identity).
Menes, (probably his
funeral name).
.me
- ene - es.
ome - ene - esa
omendu - -enetan - ezarle
to honor - always - founder
"Always honor our founder".
Narmer, (same person
as Menes).
.na
- ar. - me - er.
ana - aro - ome - ere
anaitu - -aro - omenezko -
erreinu
to unite - all - honorable - kingdom
"I/He united all into an honorable kingdom".
Hor-aha
.ho
- or. - aha
oho - ora - aha
ohoratu - orain - ahalguzti
to praise - always - almighty
"Always praise the Almighty".
Berner-Ib, wife of Hor-aha.
(Note
that the name is hyphenated at the interruption of vowel-interlocking)
.be - er. - .ne - er. ' ib.
abe
- ere - ene - ere ' ibi
aberaski - erregina - enetan -
erregekiro ' ibili
elegant - queen - always - royally ' to act
"My elegant queen always acts royally".
Zer
.ze
- er.
eze - ere
ezezagun - errege
unknown - king
"Unknown king".
Meryet-nit
.me
- eri - i.e - et. ' .ni - it.
ume - eri - ihe - ete ' uni - itu
ume - eriotze - ihesezin -
etenkor ' unibertsal - itundu
child - death - unavoidable - fragile ' general -
sadness
"The death of her fragile child was unavoidable. (There was)
general sadness.
Uadji
u.a
- ad. - .ji
uha - adi - iji
uhaldu - adi - ijito
to fasten down - watch out - Gypsy
"Fasten (everything) down; watch out for the Gypsies".
This
must be a warning for the people doing the burial.
Udimu, this name only
makes sense if written
Udi ' mu:
udi
' amu
udikan ' amure egon
get out ' to be distrustful
"Get out! I don't trust you."
This
is no name but a warning to scare off tomb robbers.
Hemaka (Udimu's
chancellor).
.he
- ema - aka
hegaztiazti - emankizun -
akatsbako
diviner/augur - performance - perfect
"Diviner of perfect performance."
Semti, name somehow
associated with Udimu.
.se
- em. - .ti
ase - ema - ati
asete - eman - atxikidura
period of abundance - to celebrate - unity
"In this time of abundance we celebrate unity".
Enezib
ene
- ezi - ib.
-enetan - eziakin - ibiltari
always - illiterate - nomad
"Always an illiterate nomad."
Semerkhet (same person as
Sozer-Teti)
.se
- eme - er. - .k. - .he - et.
ese - eme - ere - eki - ihe - ete
ezezagun - emeki - errege -
ekile - ihesegin - etendura
anonymous
- peaceful - king - enterprising - to escape/to be missed - lineage
"Anonymous peaceful and enterprising king who was missed
from the lineage."
Sozer-Teti, alternate name
for Semerkhet)
.so
- oze - er. ' .te - eti
eso - oze - era ' ate - eti
esonde - ozen - erran
' aterbe - etika
advice - penetrating voice - to say/speak ' safety -
ethics
"He speaks his advice about safety and ethics with a penetrating
voice ."
Zezer'kerasonb,
(his
dynasty and place in it is uncertain to me at this time).
.ze - eze - er. ' .ke - era - azo - on. - .b.
eze - eze - ere ' ake - era - azo - ona - abe
ezezagun - ezegin - errege
' akela - eraspen - -azo - onaldi - aberatstasun
anonimous - to omit - king ' Goddess - devotion - to
bring about - prosperity - riches
"Anonymous, omitted king". "His devotion to the
Goddess brought about prosperity and riches".
Hotepsekhe'mui
.ho
- ote - ep. - .se - ek. - .he ' emu - u.i
oho - ote - epe -eze - eki - ihe ' mu - uhi
ohoratu - otseinketa - epetu -
ezezagun - ekin - ihesezin ' murgilarazi - uhin
to honor - service - set time limit - unknown - to
persevere - inevitable ' to drown - waves
"We honor his service for the set time period. He persevered
into the unknown and inevitably drowned in the waves."
The "set time period" for
a king who had participated in the "Sacred Marriage" was usually
seven and a half years from May 1 until his
death on November 1. He reigned as a semi-god, the bridge between the people
and the deity, and when his time was up, he
was sacrificed by drowning in the waves, possibly in one of the Cataracts.
This was also practiced in Scotland in the Whirlpool
of Corrivreckan, until Christianity arrived. From his
name, we now know that this was also done in early Egypt during the first two
dynasties.
Ra-neb
.Ra
' .ne - eb.
aRa ' ene - ebe
aRatz ' -enetik -
ebertaren
Pure? ' from that time on - patriarchy
"From that time on (there was) patriarchy".
Neteren, (a funeral
name?)
.ne
- ete - ere - en.
one - ete - ere - -ena
onegite - etengabeki - errege - -ena
doing good - constantly - king - 'superlative'
"Our 'wonderful' king was constantly doing good".
Netermu, same person as
Neteren
.ne
- ete - er. - .mu
one - ete - era - amu
onegite - etengabeki - eraspen -
amultsutasun
doing good - constantly - devotion - tenderness
"Constantly doing good with devotion and tenderness".
Sekhemib. The name tells
us that this was a queen and not a king as is stated. Archaeologists have
long wondered why she abandoned her allegiance to the god Horus and switched
to Set. Her name tells us why. The name should be spelled:
Sekhem - ib because the
vowel-interlocking is interrupted.
.se
- ek. - .he - em. ' ib.
ese - eki - ihe - ema ' ibi
esetsi - ekimendu - ihesari
eman - emarrapaketa ' ibili
to attack - to take the initiative - to escape - abduction of a
woman - to go along
"She was attacked and took the initiative to escape
by going along with her abductors".
Perabsen, same person as
Sekhem-ib.
.pe
- era ab. - .se - en.
pe - era - aba - ase - ena
petralkeria - erasan - abade -
aserrekor - -ena
villainy - to attack - priest - infuriating - 'superlative'
"The villainy of the priests' attack was 'extremely'
infuriating."
Sendji
.se
- en. - .di - .ji
ase - ena - adi - iji
azeri - -ena - adi - ijito
shrewd - 'superlative' - watch out - Gypsy
"Gypsies are 'extremely' shrewd, watch out".
This
is no name. It is another warning for the workers building the tomb.
Neterka
.ne
- ete - er. - .ka
one - ete - era - aka
onegite - etengabeki - eraspen -
akatsbako
doing good - constantly - devotion - perfect
"Constantly doing good with perfect devotion".
Neferkara
.ne
- ebe - er. - .ka - ara
ane - ebe - era - aka - ara
añendu - eberu - erratu -
akargarritu - arakintzatu
to curse - Hebrews - to wander - to infuriate - to massacre
"The cursed wandering Hebrews infuriated and
massacred".
Kha - sekhe'mui
.k.
- .ha ' .se - ek. - .he ' mu - u.i
ako - oho ' ase - eki - ihe ' mu - uhi
akorduan euki - oharti
' asezin - ekin - ihesezin ' murgilarazi - uhin
to remember - thoughtful ' craving - to persevere -
inevitable ' to drown - wave
"Remember his thoughtful craving to persevere in
the inevitable and be drowned in the waves."
Another
courageous Tammuz went honorably to his sacrificial death.
Djoser, builder of the
step pyramid.
.d.
- .jo - ose - er.
ida - ajo - ose - era
idazlan - ajola - ozen - erran
writing - interest - penetrating voice - to say/to speak
"He speakes his interest in writing in a penetrating
voice".
Imhotep, architect,
physician, and everything else of Djoser.
Vowel-interlocking
is interrupted; the name should be spelled:
Im-Hotep.
im. ' .ho - ote - ep.
ima ' oho - ote - epa
imajina ' ohoratu - otseinketa -
epaile
statue ' to honor - service - judge
"This statue honors his service as a judge".
Khaba, (of the Layer
Pyramid)
.k.
- .ha - aba
aka - aha - aba
akabu - ahalguzti - abade
high/superior - almighty - priest
"High priest of the Almighty".
Seneferu
.se
- ene - ebe - eru
ese - ene - ebe - eru
esetsi - -enetan - eberu -
errukigabe
to attack - every time - Hebrews - cruel
"Every time he attacked the cruel Hebrews.
Djedefre,
.d.
- .je - ede - eb. - .re
ada - aje - ede - ebe - ere
-ada - ajene - ederrakhartu -
eberu - eremu
noise of the action - lament - to be defeated - Hebrews - desert
"The Hebrews lamented loudly when they were defeated in the
desert".
It
appears that the Hebrews were unsuccessful in their long persisting efforts
to conquer Egypt and then turned to Canaan.
Nebka
.ne
- eb. - .ka
one - ebe - eka
onera hartu - ebertarren -
ekarri
to accept - patriarchy - to bring
"Accept the patriarchy I bring".
THE KHU'FU FAMILY
Snofru, father of
Khu'fu
builder
of the Bent Pyramid
.s. - .no - ob. - .ru
aso - ono - obi - iru
-azo - onon - obi - irudi
to bring about/create - wonderful - tomb - symbol
"He created his wonderful tomb as a symbol."
Hetepheres, mother of
Khu'fu.
.he
- ete - ep. - .he - ere - es.
ihe - ete - epo - ohe - ere - esa
ihezin - etenkor - epotu -
ohealdi - erregina - esaeratsu
inevitable/fated - fragile - to loose weight - time spent in bed
- queen - wise
"Fated to be fragile and losing weight, our wise queen spent
her time in bed."
Cheops. This is the Latin spelling because neither Egyptian nor
Greek possesses the 'c'. The name should be spelled: Keops,
the 'h' had to be added when the 'k' was changed to 'c' otherwise the name
would have been pronounced Seops. Therefore, the 'h' was added much later and
does not belong in the name translation.
Keops
.ke
- e.o - op. - .s.
ake - eho - opa - asa
akela - ehortzetak - opakuntza -
asaba
Goddess - funeral - offering - ancestor
"The Goddess' funeral offering to the ancestors".
This translation tells us that
Keops cannot have been the name of the pharaoh but instead must have been the
name of the Great Pyramid itself. The most impressive stone building, ever
constructed, was not built as the tomb for just one king, but instead for all
the people. The mighty sarcophagus always stands open and was intended to be
available for all the beloved departed of the world. Strabo in his
"Geographica" tells about a stone in the side of the pyramid that
may be taken out. Petrie interpreted this statement to mean that there was a
flap-door composed of a single slab of stone (Edwards). It could have been
there to allow access to the sarcophagus for the funerals of the people. This
explains why the great pyramid has no decorations to show scenes of the dead
pharaoh's life. The huge sarcophagus was never intended for the pharaoh
alone, although it is possible that he was the first one to use it. His real
grave may yet be found, hidden deep under the pyramid, where his personal
life would have been depicted on the walls. If this is indeed the case,
the grave will likely be found intact. Herodotus tells
about subterranean chambers where vaults were constructed on an island,
surrounded by water brought from the Nile by tunnel. On this island, he was
told, the body of Khufu lies. Nothing of that description has ever been
found. It is interesting that a Japanese expedition has recently found
evidence of just such underground caverns while sounding the underlying rock
with sophisticated equipment.
The name "Akela'', meaning
Goddess, is still used in many Indo-European languages but now means 'witch',
a meaning-change enforced by the Christian and Judaic clergy. As male
domination throughout the following millennia has made every effort to
eliminate the memory of the Great Goddess, this is likely the reason why the
spelling of the name Keops was changed to Cheops, to hide the '.ke' of 'ake'.
Khufu. This must be the real name of the "great
pharaoh" Keops because Khufu'khaf was the name of his son who died in
infancy. The final letters 'ufu' are untranslatable therefore, an
interruption of the vowel interlocking must be assumed. The 'f' is
interchangeable with 'b':
Khu'fu
.k.
- .hu ' fu,
aka - ahu ' bu
akabu - ahurrelaritza
' bukatu
perfect - leadership ' to bring to a finish
"Perfect leadership brought (the pyramid) to a finish."
Rekha'ef, alternate name
for Khu'fu.
.re
- ek. - .ha ' ef.
ere - eki - iha ' eba
errege - ekinaldi -
ihaiotasun ' ebatzizko
king - perseverance - expertise ' decisive
"The king's perseverance and expertise were decisive."
Hardjedef, son of Khu'fu
.ha
- ar. - .d. - .je - ede - ef.
oha - ari - ida - aje - ede - ebe
oharrezko - arrisku - idatzi -
ajeru - edendun - ebertar
to warn - danger - to write about - suspicion - poisonous -
patriarchy
"He warned about the danger and wrote about his suspicions
of the poisonous Hebrews."
Redjedef, son of Khu'fu
.re
- ed. - .je - ede - eb.
are - eda - aje - ede - ebe
arrenkuratu - edangabetu
- ajenatu - ederrak eman - eberu
to become impatient - to deprive of water - to drive away - to
defeat - Hebrews
"He was impatient to deprive the Hebrews of water, then to
defeat and drive them away."
Khufu'khaf, infant son of
Khu'fu
Khufu
' .k. - .ha - ab.
Khufu ' ki - iha - aba
Khufu ' kirikaldi -
ihar - -aba
Khufu ' period of vigilance - to waste away - family
relation/heir
"(During) Khufu's period of vigilance his heir wasted
away."
Khnumbraf, infant
son of Khu'fu.
.k.
- .h. - .nu - um. - .b. - .ra - af.
ako - ohi - inu - uma - abo - ora - afa
akorduan euki - ohihaldu -
inudetu - uma - abots - orain - afa
to remember - wrapped in diapers - to nurse - child - voice -
always - happy
"Remember the nursing child in diapers, whose voice was
always happy."
Hetephras, daughter of
Khu'fu.
.he
- ete - ep. - .h. - .ra - as.
ohe - ete - epe - ehi - ira - asu
ohekoi - etenkor - epel -
ehihargarri - iragan - azurruts
tends to sleep a lot - fragile - weak - wilting - to suffer -
very skinny person
"She tends to sleep a lot, is fragile, weak and wilting, and
very skinny".
Meresankh (daughter of
Khu'fu, wife of Khephren), obviously a funeral name.
.me
- ere - esa - an. - .k. - .h.
ome - ere - esa - ana - aka - ahi
omendatu - erregina - esaeratsu
- anaitu - akabu - ahienekatu
to honor - queen - wise - to gather - death - to lament
"To honor the wise queen we gather for a death lament".
Kawaat, eldest son of
Khu'fu.
.kawa
- a.a - at.
akawa - aha - ate
akabatu - ahalguzti - aterpe
to end a life - almighty - refuge
"His life ended in the refuge of the Almighty".
Menkhaf, (son of Khu'fu)
.me
- en. - .k. - .ha - af.
ume - ena - ako - oha - afa
ume - -ena - akorduan euki -
oharkabetasun - afa
child - 'superlative' - to remember - innocent - full of joy
"Remember this 'wonderful' child, so innocent and full of
joy".
Kephren (Khaef - Re)
.ke
- ep. - .h. - .re - en.
ake - epa ' he - ere - ena
akela - epaitu - herentzia -
errege - -ena
Goddess - to decide - inheritance - king - 'superlative'
"The Goddess decided the great king's inheritance".
Khaef - Re, same person as
Kephren.
.ka
- .ha - a.e - eb. ' .re
ake - eha - ahe - eba ' ere
akela - ahalguzti - aherentzia -
ebatzi ' errege
Goddess - unlimited power - inheritance - to decide '
king
"With her unlimited power the Goddess decided the
inheritance of the king."
Mycerinus (Men-kau-Re)
.mi
- ike - eri - inu - us.
umi - ike - eri - inu - uso
umilki - ikertu - eri - inurritze
- uso
humbly - to examine - sickness - inspiring - holy man/dove
"(The doctor) humbly examined the illness of the inspiring
holy man."
Men - kau - Re, same person as
Mycerinus.
.me
- en. ' kau ' .re
ome - ene ' kau ' are
omendatu - enetan '
kauta ' arrerosle
to honor - always ' obligation ' Redeemer
"Always honor your obligations to the Redeemer."
Khamerernebti, queen of
Mycerinus
.k.
- .ha - ame - ere - er. - .ne - eb. - .ti
aka - aha - ame - ere - era - añe - ebe - eti
akargarri - aharrari - ameskaitz
- errege - erasan - añendu - eberu - etikagabe
infuriated - troublemaker - nightmare - king - to attack - to
curse - Hebrew tribe - unethical
"Infuriated with the nightmare caused by the troublemakers,
the king attacked and cursed the unethical Hebrew tribe."
Khentkaues, mother of
Userkaf
.k.
- .he - en. - .t. ' kau ' es.
aki - ihe - ene - ete - eka ' kau ' es.
akitu - ihesezin - enetan -
etenkor - ekarri ' kauta ' esaeratsu
to be tired - fated - always - fragile - to bring '
responsibility ' wisdom
"She was fated to always be tired and fragile, but
she brought responsibility and wisdom."
Userkaf
us.
- er. - .ka - ab.
uste - ere - eka - abo
uste oso - errege - ekarpen -
aboskatu
complete faith - king - contribution - to proclaim
"The contributions of the king with his complete faith were
proclaimed."
Sahure
.sa
- ahu - ure
asa - ahu - ure
asaba - ahutoizendatu -
urentasun
ancestor - to appoint oneself - nobility
"Ancestor who appointed himself to nobility".
Unas
una
- as.
una - asa
unai - asaba
cowherd - ancestor
"His ancestors were cowherds".
Neferefre
.ne
- ebe - ere - eb. - .re
ane - ebe - ere - eba - are
añendu - ebertar - eremutu -
ebatsi - arestian
to curse - Hebrew - to depopulate - to plunder - a short
time ago
"The cursed Hebrews depopulated and plundered a short time
ago".
Nuserre
.nuse
- erre
inuze - errege
mentally defective - king
"Mentally defective king".
Another
name made up by a historian, possibly Manetho.
Neferirkere
.ne
- efe - eri - ir. - .ke - ere
ene - ebe - eri - ira - ake - ere
enerako - ebertaren - erioaldi -
irakitu - akela - errespedatu
before - patriarchy - agony - to fire with compassion - Goddess
- to respect
"Before the agony of patriarchy our passionate Goddess was
respected".
Djedkare Izezi
.d.
- .je - ed. - .ka - are ize - ezi
ida
- aje - ede - eka - are ize - ezi
idatzi - ajenatu - edesti -
ekarpen - aren izen -
ezinirakurrizko
to document - to disappear - history - contribution - his
name - illegible
"Documented (because) his contribution to history may
disappear. Name illegible".
This
is probably Manetho's comment.
Menhauhor
.me
- en. - .ha - au - uho - or.
ame - ena - aha - au - uho - ora
ameskaitz - -ena - ahazte -
aundi - uholde - orraztu
nightmare - 'superlative' - action of trying to forget - enormous
- flood - to despoil
"He tried to forget the 'terrible' nightmare of the enormous
flood which despoiled (the country)".
Shepseskaf, last pharaoh of
the Dynasty.
.s.
- .he - ep. - .se - es. - .ka - ab.
uso - ohe - epe - eze - ezu - uka - abi
uso - ohealditu - epel -
ezeuskor - ezurruts - ukan - abiatu
dove/holy man - to spend time in bed - weak - fragile - very
skinny - to have - to depart
"Our holy man, who spent his time in bed, weak, fragile and
very skinny, has departed."
Teti
.te
- eti
ete - eti
etengabe - etikoa
constantly - ethical
"Always ethical".
Pepi
.pe
- epi
pentsaketu - epika
to reflect on - epic
"He reflected on the epic (of utopia?)."
Ibi
ibi
from ibiltari (nomad)
"Nomad".
Merenre
.me
- ere - en. - .re
ome - ere - ene - ere
omendatu - errege - enetan -
erregetza
to honor - king - always - royal power
"Always honor the king's royal power."
Wadjkara
Demedjibtawy
u.a
- ad. - .j. - .ka - ara
uha - ada - aje - eka - ara
uhalde - adaskadura - ajene -
ekarri - arrailagarri
flood/cataract - being swallowed - lament - to cause -
heartbreaking
"Being swallowed up by the cataract caused lament and
heartbreak."
Another
voluntary sacrifice was drowned in the Cataract.
.de - eme - edi
- ib. - .ta - au - u.i
ade - eme - edi - iba - ata - au - uhi
adelatu - emekiro - ediren -
ibar - atano - aukeramen - uhin
to prepare - venerably - to find - river - evergreen
forest/hereafter - free will - wave
"Venerably he prepared to find the hereafter in the waves of
the river on his own free will."
Obviously,
the sacrifice of a king was still practiced at this time.
Qakara Iby
.ka
- aka - ara / ibi
ika - aka - ara / ibi
ikaserazi - akatsbako -
aratz / ibili
to teach - perfect - pure / to be
"His teachings are pure and perfect."
Min
in
pain
"In pain."
Kheti
.k.
- .he - eti
oki - ihe - eti
okitu - ihesleku - etikoa
completely - safe place to live - ethical
"A completely safe and ethical place to live".
Ankhtify
an.
- .k. - .h. - .ti - .bi
ana - ako - ohi - iti - ibi
anaiarte - akorduan euki -
ohinaze - itxiki - ibildari
gathering/everybody - to remember - suffering - faithfulness -
nomad
"Everybody will remember the suffering and the faithfulness
of the nomad."
Neferirkare
.ne
- ebe - eri - ir. - .ka - are
añe - ebe - eri - ire - eka - are
añendu - ebertar - eriotza -
irentsi - ekarri - arrenguratsu
to curse - Hebrews - death - to destroy - to bring - lamenting
"The cursed Hebrews brought death and destruction and
lamenting".
Nebtawyrat
Mentuhotep
.ne
- eb. - .ta - au - u.i - ira - at.
ine - eba - ata - au - uhi - ira - ate
inertzia - ebatzi - atano -
aukeramen - uhin - iraun - ateri
passive - to decide - evergreen oak forest/hereafter - free will
- wave - to endure - calm
"He passively decided to endure the waves calmly on his own
free will (to enter) the hereafter."
.me - en. - .tu
- uho - ote - ep.
ame - eni - itu - uho - ote - epa
ameskaitz - eni - itxuragabe -
uhol - ote - epai
nightmare - to me - senseless - flood/cataract - perhaps -
judgment
"To me the senseless nightmare in the Cataract is perhaps a
judgment."
Amenemhet
ame
- ene - em. - .he - et.
ame - ene - emo - ohe - etsi
amesgaitz - enetan - emon - ohe
- etsitu
nightmare - always - to produce - bed - to despair
"His nightmares always produced despair in bed."
Sebekneferu, (Queen)
.se
- ebe - ekne - ebe - eru
ese - ebe - ekine - ebe - eru
esetsi - eberu - ekinez -
ebertaren - errukigabekeria
to attack - Hebrews - persistently - patriarchal - cruelty
"She attacked the Hebrews persistently for their patriarchal
cruelty".
Sesostris, (Amenemhet's
successor)
.se
- eso - os. .t. - .ri - is.
ase - eso - osa - ate - eri - isu
asetu - esonde - osalari - atera
- erioaldi - izugarri
to crave - advice - doctor - to get - agony - terrible
"He craved to get advice from the doctor for his terrible
agony".
Amenemes
am.
- .me - ene - eme - es.
ama - ame - ene - eme - eza
ama - ametsetsi - -enetan -
emekiro - ezagutze
Goddess - to idealize - always - peaceful - all knowing
Always idealize (our) Goddess; she is peaceful and
all-knowing".
Khendjer. This is a
funeral name.
.k.
- .he - en. - .d. - .je - er.
aka - ehe - -ena - -ada - aje - ere
akabu - ehe - -ena - -ada -
ajene - errege
death - call attention - 'superlative' - sound of the action -
lament - king
"They called attention to the king's death with 'loud' sound
of lament".
FIFTEENTH
DYNASTY (c.1674-1567 B.C.)
SIXTEENTH
DYNASTY (c.1674-1567 B.C.)
SEVENTEENTH
DYNASTY (c.1674-1567 B.C.)
Apopis
apo
- opi - is.
apo - opi - izu
apokeria - opio - izurreztatu
morally corrupt - opium - to be addicted to
"It is morally corrupting to be addicted to opium."
Kamose, either he or
Seknerre drove out the Hyksos
and became the last pharaoh of the dynasty.
.ka
- amo - ose
eka - amo - ose
ekandu - amorratu - osen
to be used to - to rage - penetrating voice
"He used to rage with a penetrating voice".
Seknerre, relative of
Kamose
.se
- ek. - .ne - erre
ase - eko - one - erre
asete - ekoizpen - onesan -
errege
period of abundance - production - to praise - king
"Praise the king for a period of abundant production"
Ahmosis
ah.
- .mo - osi - is.
aha - amo - osi - ize
ahalguzti - amodio - osin -
izenandiko
Almighty - love - very deep - celebrated
"The Almighty's very deep love is celebrated."
Amenhotep
ame
- en. - .ho - ote - ep.
ame - ena - aho - ote - epo
amesgaitz - -ena - ahomoteldu -
ote - epotu
nightmare - that - to stutter - perhaps - to grow a little
"It is a nightmare that he stutters and perhaps he will grow
a little."
Nibmuaria
(praenomen
of Amenhotep III; Parkinson p.54)
.ni - ib. - .mu - u.a - ari - i.a
ani - iba - amu - uha - ari - iha
aniztu - ibai - amure egon -
uhalde - arritu - ihabali
to increase/to rise - river - be suspicious - flood - to surprise
- frightened
"Be suspicious of the rising river; a surprise flood is frightening."
Tuthmosis
.tu
- ut. - .h. - .mo - osi - is.
atu - uto - oha - amo - osi - isa
atutxa - utopia - ohartasun -
amodio - osintsu - izan
evergreen forest - utopia - thoughtfulness - love - very deep -
to exist/live on
"In the evergreen forest of utopia his thoughtfulness and
very deep love will live on."
Menkheperre, same person as
Tuthmosis
.me
- en. - .k. - .he - epe - erre
ame - ena - ako - ohe - epe - erre
amesgaitz - ena - akorduan euki
- ohealdi - epegabeko - errege
nightmare - 'superlative' - to remember - time spent in bed -
continuous - king
"We remember his 'dreadful' nightmares and the continuous
time spent in bed by the king."
Hatshepsut
.ha
- at. - .s. - .he - ep. - .su - ut.
aha - ata - ase - ehe - epi - isu - uto
ahalguzti - atano - asegaitz -
ehe - epika - isurialdi - utopia
Almighty - evergreen forest - craving - call attention - epic -
inspiration - utopia
"Craving for the evergreen forest of the Almighty she called
attention
to the inspiration (offered) in the epic of utopia."
It was very likely during the
reign of Amenophis III that the enormous There a volcano erupted (c 1420
bce.), bringing the Cretan civilization to its knees and wreaking untold
grief on Egypt and most other countries around the eastern Mediterranean with
tidal waves and volcanic ash fall. (See Diop, p.79-83).
Amenophis
ame - eno - op. - .hi - is.
ame - eno - opo - ohi - isu
amesgaitz - enoradun -
oposagaitz - ohil - isurduhin
nightmare - afflicted - unopposable- savage - tidal wave
"Afflicted by the nightmare of a savage unopposable tidal
wave".
Akenaten
ake
- ena - ate - en.
akela - -ena - aterpe - ene
Goddess - superlative/great - refuge - my
"The Great Goddess, my refuge".
Nefertiti
.ne
- efe - er. - .ti - iti
ane - ebe - era - ati - iti
añendu - ebertaren - eraberritu
- atikitasun - itiki/idiki
to curse - patriarchy - to reform - faithfulness - to discover
"Reform the cursed patriarchy and discover
faithfulness".
Tutankhaten
.tu
- uta - an. - .k. - .ha - ate - en.
itu - uta - ana - ake - eha - ate - ene
itxuragabe - utsa - anaiarte -
akela - eha - aterpe - ene
senseless - to dispossess - priesthood - Goddess -
'emphasis' - refuge - my
"It is senseless to dispossess the priesthood of the 'Great'
Goddess, my refuge."
Ankhesenamen, queen of
Tutankhaten
an.
- .k. - .he - ese - ena - ame - en.
ana - aki - ihe - ese - ena - ame - ena
anai - akigarri - ihesezin -
esetsi - ena - amesgaitz - ena
religious brother/priest - exhausted - to escape - to attack -
'superlative' - nightmare - 'superlative'
"The exhausted priest escaped from the 'vicious' attack like
from and 'awful' nightmare."
Keftiu,
This
was the name used for the island of Crete, but only during the 18th Dynasty.
.ke - eb. - .ti - i.u
ake - eba - ati - ihu
akela - ebakin - atxikilotu -
ihuodei
Goddess - harvested grain - to arrest/hold back - thunderclouds
"The Goddess of the harvest holds back the
thunderclouds."
Horemheb
.ho
- ore - em. - .he - eb.
oho - ore - eme - ehe - eba
ohoratu - orrek - emekiro - ehe
- ebakin
to praise - that - peacefulness - pay attention - harvest
"Praise the peacefulness that we have (so we can) pay
attention to the harvest."
Ramesses
.ra
- ame - es. - .se - es.
ura - ame - ese - ese - esi
urabazter - amesgaitz - esetsi -
ezereztu - ezigabe
bank of the river -nightmare - to attack - to annihilate - savage
"(During) the nightmare on the banks of the river we
attacked and annihilated the savages."
This huge battle took place c. 1180 B.C., during Ramesses
III's reign (See Sandars for description on his temple at
Medinet Habu). There were earlier attacks by the Sea
Peoples during the reign of Ramesses I and II also, but probably none
after that.
Merneptah
.me
- er. - .ne - ep. - .ta - ah.
ame - eri - ine - epe - eta - ahi
amesgaitz - eri - inertzia -
epel - eta - ahi
nightmare - sickness - debility - to weaken - and - cause sorrow
"Having nightmares is a debilitating illness which weakens
and causes sorrow."
Siptah
.si
- ip. - .ta - ah.
si - ipi - ita - aha
sinestu - ipini - itxaro -
ahalguzti
to believe - to place - trust - Almighty
"To believe is to place your trust in the Almighty."
Meryptah (Parkinson p.83)
.me
- eri - ip. - .ta - ah.
ame - eri - ipi - ita - aha
amesgaitz - eri - ipini - itxaro
nightmare - agony - to place - trust - almighty
"During the agony of a nightmare, place your trust in the
Almighty."
Setnakht
.se
- et. - .na - ak. - .h. - .t.
ase - eta - ana - aka - aha - ate
asetu - -eta - anaitu -
akatsgabeko - ahalguzti - aterbe
to crave, pray - expresses an abundance - to gather - perfect -
almighty - protection
"We pray that the abundant harvest is gathered under the
protection of the Almighty."
Nesubenebded
.ne
- esu - ube - ene - eb. - .de - ed.
añe - esu - ube - ene - ebe - ede - eda
añendu - ezurruts - ubeldu -
-enerako - ebertar - ederrak hartu - edagale
to curse - very skinny - to bruise - as before - Hebrews -
to be defeated - thirst
"As before, the cursed skinny and bruised Hebrews were
defeated by thirst."
Herihor
.he
- eri - iho - or.
ihe - eri - iho - ora
ihesleku - eriotzaldi -
ihortziri - orain
to seek shelter - agony - thunder - always
"He always sought shelter from the agony of the thunder."
Psusennes
.p.
- .su - use - en. - .ne - es.
ape - ezu - use - eno - one - ezo
apez - ezustez - usei - enoradun
- onetsi - ezongialdi
priest - unexpectedly - to sneeze - afflicted - to bless -
indisposition
"The priest unexpectedly was afflicted by sneezing (so we)
blessed his indisposition."
Amenemope
ame
- ene - emo - ope
amegaitz - enetan - emonkor -
operatu
nightmare - always - generous/prolific - to perform surgery
"Surgery was performed on his always prolific
nightmares."
Pinudjem
.pi
- inu - ud. - .je - em.
pi - inu - uda - aje - eme
pizkanaka - inular - uda -
aienatu - emeriko
slowly - sunset - summer - to slip away - peacefully
"Slowly the summer sunset slips away peacefully."
Siamon
.si
- i.a - amo - on.
isi - iha - amo - one
isilki- ihardun - amodio -
onesan
quietly - to take time - love - to praise
"Quietly take time to love and praise."
Osorkon
oso
- or. - .ko - on.
oso - ora - ako - ona
oso - orain - akordiozko -
onarketa
sincere - always - traditional - welcome
"Always give a sincere traditional welcome."
Alara
ala
- ara
alaitasun - aratz
joy - pure
"Pure joy".
Kashta
.ka
- as. - h. - .ta
uka - ase - eha - ata
ukan - asegaitz - eha - atano
to have - craving - 'emphasis' - evergreen forest/hereafter
"I have a craving for a 'wonderful' hereafter."
Shepenwepe (Queen)
No
translation found yet. The 'w', does not occur in the
Saharan
language, but in Egyptian it often represents the 'u'..
Amonirdis
amo
- oni - ir. - .di - is.
amo - oni - ira - adi - iza
amodio - oniraun - iradoki -
adiskidego - izaera
love - goodness - to elicit/inspire - friendship - character
"Love and goodness inspire friendship and character."
Shoshenk. We have two spellings, both tell about the same story.
But what really happened? Compare Psalm 106:9 ...
"the Red Sea became dry and he led them through...”
and Psalm 106:11 ... "and the waters
covered their adversaries...". The translation of the pharaoh's name sounds also like a
tsunami or tidal wave. However, where would it have come from?
Shoshenk
.s.
- .ho - os. - .he - en. - .k.
isu - uho - osi - ihe - ena - aka
isurialdi - uholatu - osin -
ihesezin - ena- akabu
overflowing/cascading - flood wave - very deep - unavoidable
- 'superlative' - death
"The overflowing flood was very deep and
unavoidable (and caused) dreadful death". or:
Sheshonk. Second spelling.
Not as neat a translation as the first one because of the VCCV (onda).
.s.
- .he - es. - .ho - on. - .ka
isi - ihe - esu - uho - onda - aka
isilpetu - ihes egin - ezustez -
uholatu - ondartu - akastun
to hide - to escape - unexpected - tidal wave - to come
ashore - defective/impossible
"To hide or escape was impossible, when the unexpected
tidal wave came ashore".
Piankhi
.pi
- i.a - an. - .k. - .hi
opi - iha - añe - eka - ahi
opiozale - ihardun - añendu -
ekandu - ahi
being fond of opium - spend time - to curse - habit - strong
desire/addiction
"Being fond of opium to spend the time is a cursed habit
(leading to) addiction."
Shabaka
.sa
- .aha - aba - aka
esa - aha - aba - aka
esaeratsu - ahalguzti - abade -
akabu
wise - almighty - priest - high
"Wise high priest of the Almighty."
Tefnakhte
.te
- eb. - .na - ak. - .h. - .te
ite - eba - ana - aka - aha - ate
itegun - ebakin - anaitu -
akatsgabeko - ahalguzti - aterbe
work performed - harvested grain - to gather - perfect - Almighty
- protection
"Harvesting of the grain is work performed under the
protection of the perfect Almighty."
Piakhi
.pi
- i.a - ak. - .hi
opi - iha - aka - ahi
opiozale - iharduki - akabatu -
ahi
fond of opium - to spend the time - to finish/end -
strong desire
"Being fond of opium to spend the time will end in
addiction"
Bokkhorus
.bo
- ok. - .k. - .ho - or. - us.
abo - oki - ika - aho - oru - usu
aboskatu - okilaso - ikasbide -
ahozpetu - orube - usu
to proclaim - great grandfather - catechism/doctrine - kneeling
down - place - usual
"Great grandfather proclaimed the catechism while kneeling
down in his usual place."
Sheb'iku
xe
- eb ' iku
xeratsu - ebazle ' ikusgarrizko
kind - judge ' admirable
"Kind and admirable judge"
Taharka
.ta
- aha - ar. - .ka
ita - aha - ara - aka
itxaro - ahalguzti - aratz -
akatsbako
to trust - almighty/deity - pure - perfect
"Trust the Almighty, pure and perfect."
Psamtik
.p.
- .sa - am. - .ti - ik.
ape - esa - ama - ati - ika
apez - esaeratsu - amaigabeko -
atxikitasun - ikasbide
priest - wise - endlessly - faithfulness - to teach
"The wise priest endlessly taught faithfulness."
Nitocris
.ni
- ito - ok. - .ri - is.
ani - ito - oke - eri - iso
anitz - itoarazi - okerkeria -
erioaldi - isola
many - to drown - injury - agony - torrential rain
"Many were drowned or injured during the agony of the
torrential rains."
Necho (son of Psamtik)
.ne
- exo
nekebide - exorzizatu
cause of suffering - to eliminate
"Eliminate the causes of suffering."
Harmachis
High
priestess who crowned Ptolemy V (Parkinson p.31).
.ha - ar. - .ma - ak. - is.
aha - ara - ama - aki - isi
ahaldun - aratusteldu - ama -
akigabeki - isiljokatu
powerful - to corrupt - priestess - tirelessly - to scheme
"Powerful (but) corrupt priestess, tirelessly
scheming."
Anemhor
Mother
of Harmachis (Parkinson p.31).
ane - em. - .ho - or.
ane - ema - aho - ora
añendu - ematxar -
ahozuritu - orain
to curse - prostitute - cheating - always
"Cursed prostitute who is always cheating."
Mesutira (Egyptian name
for Cambyses)
.me
- esu - uti - ira
ame - esu - uti - ira
ametsegile - ezurruts - utikan -
iragan
dreamer - very skinny - to go away - to go away - to
suffer
"You skinny dreamer, go away and suffer."
Cambyses
.ka
- am. - .bi - ise - es.
aka - ami - ibi - ize - esa
akatsbako - aministratu - ibili
- izenandiko - esaeratsu
perfect - administrator - to be - famous - wise
"Our perfect administrator is famous and wise."
Amyrtaeus
ami
- ir. - .ta - e.u - us.
ami - iri - ita - ehu - usa
aministrari - irrikagarri -
itxaro - eutsi - usario
administrator - ambitious - to be faithful - to maintain -
tradition
"Our ambitious administrator was faithful and maintained the
traditions."
Amenirdis
ame
- eni - ir. - di - is.
ame - eni - ira - adi - isa
ameskaitz - eni - iragarpen -
adi - izuarazle
nightmare - to me - warning - watch out - terrorist
"To me that nightmare was a warning to watch out for
terrorists."
Maatibrat Hakor
.ma
- a.a - ati - ib. - .ra - at.
ama - aha - ati - ibi - ira - ati
ama - ahalguzti - atxigarri -
ibili - irakitu - atxiki
priestess - almighty - to be - faithful - fired with passion -
loyal
(Our) priestess of the Almighty is faithful, fired with passion
and loyal."
.ha - ako - or.
aha - ako - ora
ahalguzti - akorduan euki -
orain
Almighty - to remember - always
"Always remember the Almighty."
Nectanebo
.ne
- ek. - .ta - ane - ebo
ene - eki - ita - ane - ebo
enetan - ekineztu - itxaro -
añendu - eboluzio
always - to persevere - to keep faith - cursed - development
"Always persevere and keep faith (during these) cursed
developments."
Djedhor
.d.
- .je - ed. - .ho - or.
-ada - aje - edu - uho - ora
-ada - aienatu - edukitsu - uhol
- orraztu
action of being swallowed - to be frightened away - powerful -
flood - to despoil
"We were being swallowed and frightened away by a powerful
and devastating flood."
Darius
.da
- ari - us.
ada - ari - usa
adarra sartu - arimagalduko -
usantza
to deceive - ruthless - habit/character
"A deceiving and ruthless character."
Khababash
.k.
- .ha - aba - aba - ax.
aka - aha - aba - aba - axo
akabu - ahalguzti - abade -
abailtuta - axolazko
superior/high - almighty - priest - weary - grave
"The high priest of the Almighty was weary and grave."
Meryamunt -
Setepenrat
(Alexander
the Great)
.me - eri - i.a - amu - un. - .t.
ame - eri - iha - amu - uni - ito
amesgaitz - eriotzordu - ihar -
amure egon - unibertsal - itobehar
nightmare - agony - weakness - distrust - general - anxiety
"The agony of nightmares weakened him (and caused) general
distrust and anxiety."
.se - ete - epe
- en. - .ra - at.
ese - ete - epe - ene - era - ata
esetsaldi - etengabeko - epe -
-enetan - erakarri - atalbanaketa
battle - continuous - period of time - always - to cause -
discent
"Continuous battles over a long period always cause
dissent."
Haaibra -
Setepenamun
(Philip
Arideus)
.ha - a.a - a.i - ib. - .ra
iha - aha - ai - ibe - era
iha - ahalguzti - aiherkuntza -
ibeni - erasoketa
almost - unlimited power - hatred - to introduce - aggression
"Almost unlimited power introduces hatred and
aggression."
.se - ete - epe
- ena - amu - un.
ese - ete - epe - ena - amu - uni
esetsaldi - etengabeko - epe -
ena - amure egon - unibertsal
battle - continuous - period of time - 'superlative' - distrust -
general
"Continuous battles over a long period (caused) serious and
general distrust."
THE
PTOLEMIES (305-30 B.C.)
Cleopatra
.k.
- .le - e.o - opa - at. - .ra
uki - ile - eho - opa - ata - ara
ukitu - iletari - ehorzleku -
opa izan - atano - arraitasun
to touch - mourners - funeral - to desire for - hereafter -
happiness
"The mourners at her funeral were touched by her desire for
happiness in the hereafter."
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