FILE: <CH-50.REF> GENERAL INDEX [Several Minutes May be Required to Download this Section] [Navigate to MAIN MENU ]

[For educational purposes only; do not review, quote or abstract]

References to FLIES IN ACCUMULATED ORGANIC WASTES

Musca domestica L., Stomoxys spp., etc. -- Muscidae

(Email Contacts)

Deptess Ctrl/F to search for Names & Subject Matter {Additional references may be found at MELVYL Library ]

Abbott, C. E. 1937. The necrophilous habit in Coleoptera. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 32: 202-04.

Abbott, C. E. 1938. The development and general biology of Creophilus villosus Grav. J. New York Ent. Soc. 46: 49-52.

Ables, J. R. 1975. Bioecological relationships between hymenopterous parasitoids and their house fly host. Ph.D. Thesis, Clemson Univ., Clemson, South Carolina. 48 p.

Ables, J. R. 1977. The occurrence of an imported parasite Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead in South Carolina. J. Georgia Ent. Soc. 12: 114-17.

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1974a. Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with poultry manure. Environ. Ent. 3: 884-86.

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1974b. Responses and competition of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different densities of house fly pupae. Canad. Ent. 106: 825-30.

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1976a. Seasonal abundance and activity of indigenous hymenopterous parasitoids attacking the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Canad. Ent. 108: 841-44.

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1976b. Influence of temperature on oviposition by the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor. Environ. Ent. 5: 511-13.

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard. 1976c. Development of parasitoids, Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor in relation to constant and variable temperature: simulation and validation. Environ. Entomol. 5: 329-332.

Ables, J. R., R. P. West & M. Shepard. 1975. Response of the house fly and its parasitoids to Dimilin (Th-6040). J. Econ. Ent. 68: 622-24.

Ables, J. R., M. Shepard and J. R. Holman. 1976. Development of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor in relation to constant and variable temperature: simulation and validation. Environ. Ent. 5: 329-32.

Adams, R. G. 1984. Ophyra species as predators in animal houses, with a key to species occurring in Europe (Diptera: Muscidae). Ent. Gaz. 35: 243-46.

Abraham, R. 1969. Okologische Untersuchungen an Pteromaliden (Hym., Chalcidoidea) aus dem Grenzraum Land- Meer.- Inaug. Diss., Univ. Kiel.

Abraham, R. 1970. Okologische Untersuchungen an Pteromaliden (Hym., Chalcidoidea) im Grenzraum Land- Meer an der Nordseeküste Schleswie-Holsteins. Oecologia, Berlin 6: 15-47.

Abraham, R. 1971. Zur Bionomie und Okologie der Pteromalidae an der Nordseeküste von Schleswig-Holstein. 1. Teil. Spalangiinae, Asaphinae und Panstenoninae. Faun. Okol. Mitt., Kiel 4: 23-9.

Abraham, R. 1973. Über die Bedeutung der hohen Ausbreitungsintensität bei Chalcodoidea (Hymenoptera). Fauna Okol. Mitt., Kiel 4: 335-44.

Abraham, R. 1975. Über die Wirkung der Temperatur auf die Flugaktivität parasitischer Hymenopteren. Z. angew. Ent. Berlin-Hamburg 79: 113-23.

Abraham, R. 1976. Die ökologische Potenz von Chalcidoidea also Anpassung an das Wirtsspektrum. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges., Stuttgart. 210 p.

Abraham, R. 1976. Die Wirkung von Sonnenstrahlen auf die Körpertemperatur parasitischer Hymenopteren. Ent. Germanica, Stuttgart 2: 249-57.

Abraham, R. 1978a. Über die Flugaktivität einiger Pteromalide (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit. Zool. Jb. Syst. Jena 105: 489-501.

Abraham, R. 1978b. Die Parasitierung von Phormia regina (Dipt.) durch Nasonia vitripennis (Hym., Pteromalidae) in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit im Freiland. Mitt. dt. Ges. allg. angew. Ent., Giessen 1: 277-80.

Abraham, R. 1984. Über die Insekten aus Vogelnestern. Vogelkundl. Hefte Edertal Nr. 10: 7-10.

Abraham, R. 1985a. Nasonia vitripennis an insect from bird's nests (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Ent. Gen. 10: 121-24.

Abraham, R. 1985b. Die Parasitoide Lebensweise als besondere Form des Parasitismus. Mitt. dt. Ges. allg. angew. Ent. 4: 384-85.

Abraham, R. & H. König. Der Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Anstichaktivität bei Nasonia vitripennis und Spalangia nigra (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae). Entomophaga 22: 299-308.

Abraham, R. & K. Schmidt. 1977. Ein Beitrag zur Faunistik Phänologie einiger Chalcididae (Chalcidoidea, Hymenoptera) aus der Umgebung von Karlsruhe. Beitr. naturk. Forsch. Südw.-dtl., Karlsruhe 36: 177-83.

Amonkar, S. V. & K. K. Nair. 1965. Pathogenicity of Aspergillus flavus Link to Musca domestica nebulo Fabricius. J. Invert. Pathol. 7: 513-14.

An, S. 1933. Microorganisms found on Musca domestica in Keijo. J. Chosen Med. Assoc. 23: Abstr. Sect. 119.

Anderson, J. R. 1964. The behavior and ecology of various flies associated with poultry ranches in northern California. Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 32: 30-4.

Anderson, J. R. 1965. A preliminary study of integrated fly control on northern California poultry ranches. Proc. Calif. Mosquito Contr. Assoc. 33: 42-4.

Anderson, J. R. & J. H. Poorbaugh. 1964. Observations on the ethology and ecology of various Diptera associated with northern California poultry ranches. J. Med. Ent. 1: 131-47.

Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. F. Legner, E. C. Loomis & M. H. Swanson. 1972. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Publ. AXT-72. 18 pp.

Anderson, J. R., W. R. Bowen, A. S. Deal, G. P. Georghiou, E. F. Legner, & M. H. Swanson. 1975. Fly control on poultry ranches. Univ. of Calif. Leaflet 2505. 17 pp.

Andriescu, I. 1972/73. Chalcidoidiens (Chalcidoidea, Hym., Insecta), d'importance economique de Romanie (Catalogue hote/parasite, parasite/hote. Trav. Station "Stejarul" Ecol. Terr. et Ginetique, Pingarati. p. 155-90.

Andriescu, I. & K. Fabritius. 1981. Eupteromalus terginae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), ein Puparienparasit von Fucellia tergina Zett. (Anthomyiidae) und Musca domestica L. (Muscidae). Nachr. Bl. bayer. Ent., München 30: 73-8.

Arends, J. J. & S. H. Robertson. 1986. Integrated pest management for poultry production: implementation through integrated poultry companies. Poultry Sci. 65: 675-82.

Armitage, D. M. 1986. Population changes of four species of insects (Col. & Dipt.) in three deep pit poultry houses. Ent. Mon. Mag. 122: 75-77.

Ashmead, W. H. 1887. Studies on the North American Chalcididae, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Florida. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14: 183-203.

Ashmead, W. H. 1896. A synopsis of the Spalangiinae of North America. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 3: 27-37.

Ashmead, W. H. 1896. Descriptions of new parasite Hymenoptera. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 23: 179-234.

Ashmead, W. H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith. memoirs Carnegie Mus. 1: 222-551.

Askew, R. R. 1968. Considerations on speciation in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Evolution 22: 642-45.

Aubert, J. F. 1959. Biologie d'un hyperparasite trimorphique du groupe de Gelis corruptor Först (Hym. Ichn.). Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon 28: 25-8.

Aubert, J. F. 1962. Les ichneumonides du rivage méditerranéen francais (4°série, Alpes maritimes). Rev. franc. Ent. 29: 124-53.

Aubert, J. F. 1989. Ichneumonides pétiolées inédites obtenues d'élevages. Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, Oct-Déc. p. 49-58.

Aubert, J. F. 1991. Types d'Ichneumonides mal étudiés. Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, Avr.-Juin. p. 17-22.

Aubert, J. F. & P. Blanchot. 1990. Gelis agilis auct., Ichneumonide trimorphique parasite direct de pupes de Diptères. Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, Oct.-Déc.. p. 55-60.

Axtell, R. C. 1961a. New records of North American Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) and their predation rates on the house fly. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 54(5): 748.

Axtell, R. C. 1961b. Mites - enemies of house flies. Farm Research 27(4): 4-5.

Axtell, R. C. 1963a. Acarina occurring in domestic animal manure. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 56(5): 628-633.

Axtell, R. C. 1963b. Effect of Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) on house fly production from dairy cattle manure. J. Econ. Ent. 56(3): 317-321.

Axtell, R. C. 1963c. Manure-inhabiting Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) predacious on the house fly. In Advances in Acarology, Vol. 1, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, N.Y., pp. 55-59.

Axtell, R. C. 1963d. Household pests. In North Carolina Pesticide Manual, pp. 66-67.

Axtell, R. C. 1963e. A basic guide to pesticide formulation ratios. Pest Control, pp. 9, 11-12. May.

Axtell, R. C. 1964a. Phoretic relationship of some common manure-inhabiting Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) to the house fly. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am. 57(5): 584-7.

Axtell, R. C. 1964b. Laboratory rearing of Hippelates pusio and H. bishoppi (Diptera: Chloropidae). J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 80(2): 163-4.

Axtell, R. C. 1965. A better way. Research project aimed at finding a better way to deal with house flies, Tarheel eye gnats. Research and Farming. XXIV(2): 4-5.

Axtell, R. C. 1966a. Comparative toxicities of insecticides to house fly larvae and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, a mite predator of the house fly. J. Econ. Ent. 59(5): 1128-1130.

Axtell, R. C. 1966b. Evaluations of repellents for Hippelates eye gnats. J. Econ. Ent. 60(1): 176-180.

Axtell, R. C. 1968. Integrated house fly control: Populations of fly larvae and predaceous mites, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae, in poultry manure after larvicide treatment. J. Econ. Ent. 61(1): 245-249.

Axtell, R. C. 1969a. Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) as biological control agents for synanthropic flies. Proceedings Second International Congress of Acarology, Sutton Bonington, England, July 19-25, 1967. Publ. Akademai Kiado, Budapest. p. 401-416.

Axtell, R. C. 1969b. Macrochelidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) as biological control agents for synanthropic flies. World Health Organ. WHO/VBC/69.119 17 p.

Axtell, R. C. 1970a. Integrated fly control program for caged poultry houses. J. Econ. Ent. 63(2): 400-405.

Axtell, R. C. 1970b. Fly control in caged-poultry houses: Comparison of larviciding and integrated control programs. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6): 1734-7.

Axtell, R. C. 1970c. Scanning electron microscopy of Acarina (Resume). J. Parasitol. 56 (4) Sec. 2, Part 1: 12.

Axtell, R. C. 1971. Ultralow volume aerial sprays for the control of Hippelates gnats and flies. J. Georgia. Ent. Soc. 6(2): 101-5.

Axtell, R. C. 1972. Hippelates pusio eye gnat control by ultralow volume aerial sprays. J. Georgia Ent. Soc. 7(2): 119-27.

Axtell, R. C. 1974a. Fly control. A vicious circle! Egg Industry 7(2): 22, 24, 27, 28, 31.

Axtell, R. C. (ed.). 1974b. Training manual for mosquito and biting fly control in coastal areas. Univ. North Carolina Sea Grant Publication UNC-SG-74-08. 249p.

Axtell, R. C. 1975a. Training and certification of mosquito control and public health pesticide applicators in North Carolina. Proc. 62nd Annu. Mtg. Mosq. Exterm. Assoc. p. 102-5.

Axtell, R. C. 1975b. ULV and Mosquito Control. N.C.S.U. Entomology, Community Insect Control Information Note No. 1, 2 p.

Axtell, R. C. 1976. Horse flies and deer flies: (Diptera: Tabanidae) Chapter 12, p. 415-445. In: Marine Insects (L. Cheng, editor). North-Holland, Amsterdam. 581 p.

Axtell, R. C. 1979a. Principles of integrated pest management (IPM) in relation to mosquito control. Mosquito News 39(4): 709-718.

Axtell, R. C. 1979b. Tarsal sensory receptors of ticks. Proc. 4th Internat. Congr. Acarology (1974), Acad. Kiado, Budapest p. 699-672.

Axtell, R. C. 1980. Management of mosquito production in coastal dredged material disposal areas. Proc. Texas Mosquito Control Assoc. p. 2-4.

Axtell, R. C. 1981a. Livestock integrated pest management (IPM): Principles and prospects. p. 31-40, In: Systems Approach to Animal Health and Production: A Symposium (F.W. Knapp, ed.). Univ. Kentucky, Lexington. 241 p.

Axtell, R. C. 1981b. Use of predators and parasites in filth fly IPM programs in poultry housing. p. 26-43, In: Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies, USDA Sci. Educ. Adm. Publ. A106. 2: F64, 212 p.

Axtell, R. C. 1982. Attacking the pest problem - a systems approach to controlling livestock pests. Animal Nutrition & Health (April), p. 16-18.

Axtell, R. C. 1985. Poultry Pests. Chapter 16, p. 269-293, In: Livestock Entomology (Williams et al., editors), Wiley & Sons, New York.

Axtell, R. C. 1986a Status and potential of biological control agents in livestock and poultry pest management systems. In: Biological Control of Muscoid Flies (Patterson, R.S. and D.A. Rutz, editors). Misc. Publications Entomological Society of America. 61, p. 1-9.

Axtell, R. C. 1986b. Fly control in confined livestock and poultry production. Tech. Monograph, Ciba-Geigy Corp., Greensboro, N.C. p. 59.

Axtell, R. C. 1986c. Fly management in poultry production: Cultural, biological and chemical. Poultry Sci. 65: 657-667.

Axtell, R. C. 1990. Integration of chemical and biological methods for mosquito and filth fly control. In: Casida, J.E. (ed.), Pesticides and Alternatives, Elsevier, Amsterdam. p. 195-203.

Axtell, R. C. 1990. Potential of biocontrol for livestock and poultry pests. Chapter 20, p. 293-304 In: Rutz, D.A. and Patterson, R.S. (eds.), Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.

Axtell, R. C. 1991a Control of northern fowl mites on poultry. Proc. VIII Int'l Congr. Acarology (Ceske Budejovice, Czech. 1990). in press.

Axtell, R. C. 1991b Role of mesostigmatid mites in integrated fly control. Proc. VIII Int'l Congr. Acarology (Ceske Budejovice, Czech 1990). in press.

Axtell, R. C. 1992. Fly Management Simulator (FMS) User's Guide. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Axtell, R. C. & J. J. Arends. 1990. Ecology and management of arthropod pests of poultry. Annu. Rev. Ent. 35: 101-126.

Axtell, R. C. & T. D. Edwards. 1970d. Hermetia illucens control in poultry manure by larviciding. J. Econ. Ent. 63(6): 1786-7.

Axtell, R. C. & T. D. Edwards. 1983. Efficacy and non-target effects of Larvadex^R as a feed additive for controlling house flies in caged-layer poultry manure. Poultry Sci. 62: 2371-2377.

Axtell, R. C. & D. A. Rutz. 1986. Role of parasites and predators as biological fly control agents in poultry production facilities, p. 88-100. In: R. S. Patterson and D. A. Rutz (eds.), Biological control of Muscoid Flies. Misc. Publ. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61.

Axtell, R. C. & R. E. Stinner. 1990. Computer simulation modeling of fly management. Chapter 19, p. 265-291 In: Rutz, D.A. & Patterson, R.S. (eds), Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.

Axtell, R. C. & I-Wu Chu-Wang. 1972. Electron microscopy of sensory receptors. Naval Research Reviews. XXV(4): 12-22.

Axtell, R. C., R. Foelix, L. B. Coons & M. A. Roshday. 1971. Sensory receptors in ticks and mites. Proc. Third Int'l Congress Acarology Aug. 31-Sept. 6, 1971, Prague, Czech. Publ. W. Junk, Hague. p. 35-40.

Azab, A. K., M. S. F. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah. 1963. Insect enemies of common flies in Giza region. Bull. Ent. Soc. d'Egypte 47: 277-86.

Azab, A. K., M. F. S. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah. 1967a. Morphology of the early stages of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Cairo 51: 457-67.

Azab, A. K., M. F. S. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah. 1967. Biology of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bull. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Cairo 51: 469-82.

Azizov, N. 1972. Some details on the biology of Spalangia nigroaenea (Hymenoptera, Spalangiidae). Zool. Zurn. 51(6): 925-26. [in Russian].

Baird, R. B. 1957. Notes on a laboratory infection of Diptera by the fungus Empusa muscae Cohn. Canad. Ent. 89: 432-35.

Baker, G. L., G. R. Brown & R. Pigott. 1982. Dirhinus ruficornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae, Dirhininae), a parasite of Diptera, two of which are primary parasites of Orthoptera. Austral. Ent. Mag., Greenwich 9: 27-32.

Balard, G. 1921. Un ennemi naturel du moustique. Gaz. Hebd. Sci. Méd. Bordeaux 42: 359-60. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-10: 147].

Balduf, W. V. 1935. The Bionomics of Entomophagous Coleoptera. Vol. I. John S. Swift Co., St. Louis. 220 p.

Balfour, A. 1925. Report on Medical and Sanitary Matters in Bermuda. Publ., London. 91 p.

Balfour, A. 1928. Health lessons from Bermuda. Brit. Med. J. 3506: 447-8.

Banks, N. 1905. A treatise on the Acarina, or mites. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 28: 1-114.

Barash, D. P. & C. A. Ryder. 1972. Ethology laboratory: reproductive behaviour of Mormoniella vitripennis. Amer. Biology Teacher 34: 14-18.

Barrass, R. 1960a. The courtship behaviour of Mormoniella vitripennis Walk. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Behaviour, Leiden 15(3-4): 185-209.

Barrass, R. 1960b. The effect of age on the performance of an innate behaviour pattern in Mormoniella vitripennis Walk. (Hymenoptera< pteromalidae). Behaviour, Leiden 15(3-4): 210-18.

Barrass, R. 1961. A quantitative study of the behaviour of the male Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) towards two constant stimulus-situations. Behaviour, Leiden 18(4): 288-312.

Barrass, R. 1962. Contacts between males in Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Anim. Behaviour, London 10: p. 385.

Barrass, R. 1965. Variations in the receptivity of the female Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Proc. 12th Internatl. Congr. Ent., London 1964. p. 299.

Barrass, R. 1969. Preening and abdomen dipping by the male Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) after courtship. Behaviour, Leiden 35(3-4): 304-12.

Barrass, R. 1976a. Courtship behaviour in Meraporus graminicola (Hymenoptera) and other Pteromalinae. Physiol. Ent. 1: 77-81.

Barrass, R. 1976b. Inhibitory effects of courtship in the wasp Nasonia vitripennis and a new interpretation of the biological significance of courtship in insects. Physiol. Ent. 1: 229-34.

Barrass, R. 1976c. Rearing jewel wasps Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) and their use in teaching biology. J. Biol. Educ., Dorchester 10(3): 119-26.

Barrass, R. 1979. The survival value of courtship in insects, p. 403-16. In: M. S. Blum & N. A. Blum (eds.), Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition. Academic Press, NY., London.

Bartlett, K. A. 1939. Introduction into Puerto Rico of beneficial insects for control of the horn fly. Puerto Rico Agr. Expt. Sta., USDA Agric. Notes No. 88: 6 p.

Bathon, H., & K. Fabritius. 1985. Der Fliegenpuppenparasit Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), ein Neufund für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Z. angew. Zool. 72(3): 343-47.

Bay, E. C. 1972b. Biological control and its applicability to biting flies. Proc. Symp. Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, May 16-18, 1972: 65-70.

Bay, E. C. 1976. Part I: Parasites and predators introduced against arthropod pests. Diptera, p. 339-46. In: C. P. Clausen (ed.), Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. U. S. Dept. Agric. Handb. 480.

Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C. Chapman & E. F. Legner. 1976. Biological control of medical and veterinary pests, pp. 457-79. In: Theory and Practice of Biological Control, C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.). Academic Press, New York & London. 788 p.

Beard, R. L. 1964a. Parasites of muscoid flies. Bull. World Health Org. 31: 491-93.

Beard, R. L. 1964b. Pathogenic stinging of housefly pupae by Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). J. Insect Path. 6: 1-7.

Beard, R. L. 1972. Effectiveness of paralyzing venom and its relation to host discrimination by braconid wasps. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65: 90-3.

Beard, R. L. & D. C. Sands. 1973. Factors affecting degradation of poultry manure by flies. Environ. Ent. 2: 801-06.

Beard, R. L. & G. S. Walton. 1965. An Aspergillus toxin lethal to the larvae of the house fly. J. Invert. Pathol. 7: 522-23.

Beck, A. F. & E. C. Turner, Jr. 1985. A comparison of five house-fly (Diptera: Muscidae) population monitoring techniques. J. Med. Ent. 22: 346-48.

Belizin, V. I. 1963. Cynipids: parasites of synanthropous flies in Uzbekistan (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Zool. Zhurnal, Moskva 42(11): 1652-58. [in Russian].

Belizin, V. I. 1964. Parasitierende Cynipoidea des Tribus Kleidotomini (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea, Eucoilidae). Ent. Obozrenie, Leningrad 43: 185-92. [in Russian].

Bellini, R., B. A. Mullens & J. B. Jespersen. 1992. Infectivity of two members of the Entomophthora muscae complex (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) for Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Entomophaga 37: (in press).

Bellows, T. S. & T. W. Fisher (eds.). 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. 1046 p.

Bendel-Janssen, M. 1977. Zur Biologie, ókologie und Ethologie der Chalcidoidea (Hym.). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- u. Forstwirtsch., Berlin-Dahlem H-176: 163 p.

Bennett, F. D. & E. F. Legner. 1967. Memorandum on the possibilities of biological control of the muscid flies by hymenopterous parasites. Wld. Hlth. Org. VBC/67.22. 12 pp.

Berlese, A. 1904. Acari nuovi. Manipulus ii. Redia 1: 258-80.

Berlese, A. 1918. Centuria quarta di Acari nuovi. Redia 13: 115-92.

Bernstein, J. M. 1914. Further reports on flies as carriers of infection. II. The destruction of flies by means of bacterial cultures. Rep. loc. Govt. Bd. Publ. Hlth, N.S. 102: 27-31. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-3: 89].

Berry, P. A. & B. R. Speicher. 1972. Gene and chromosomal behaviour in a parasitic wasp. Amer. Zool. 12(3): 26.

Bills, G. T. 1973. Biological fly control in deep-pit poultry houses. Br. Poult. Sci. 14: 209-12.

Bishopp, F. C. 1913b. The stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) an important livestock pest. J. Econ. Ent. 6: 112-26. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-1: 96].

Blanchard, R. 1905. Les moustiques, histoire naturelle et médicale. F. R. de Rudeval, Paris. 673 p.

Blanchot, P. 1988. Note préliminaire sur la biologie de Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), parsite de Musca domestica L. (Dipt.: Muscidae). Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse Avril-juin: 26-30.

Blanchot, P. 1991a. Contribution à l'étude des insectes ennemis de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica Linné, 1758). Répertoire bibliographique général. Parasites et prédateurs rencontrés en France. Nouvelles données biologiques. Thèse, E.P.H.E., Biologie et Evolution des Insectes. 244 p.

Blanchot, P. 1991b. Ichneumonides parasites inédits de Musca domestica Linné (Hym. Ichneumonidae/Dipt. Muscidae). EPHE, Trvx Lab. Biol. Evol. Ins. 4: 93-105.

Blickle, R. L. 1965. Observations on Diptera in cow dung and their parasites. Proc. 12th Internat. Cong. Ent., London 1964. p. 430-31.

Bloomcamp, C. L. 1985. Development of resistance to cyromazine in the house fly and its affect on the hymenopteran pupal parasite, Spalangia endius. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Florida, Gainesville. 75 p.

Bloomcamp, C. L., R. S. Patterson & P. G. Koehler. 1987. Cyromazine resistance in the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Econ. Ent. 80: 352-57.

Blume, R. R. 1987. Bionomics of some species of the genus Spalangia Latreille. Southwest. Ent. 12: 191-95.

Booth, D. C. & C. Sheppard. 1984. Oviposition of the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): eggs, masses, timing, and site characteristics. Environ. Ent. 13: 421-23.

Borden, E. E. R. 1989. The phoretic behavior and olfactory preference of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) (Acarina: Macrochelidae) in its relationship with Fannia canicularis (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae). Pan-Pac. Ent. 65: 89-96.

Boucek, Z. 1952. The first revision of the European species of the family Chalcididae (Hymenoptera). Acta Ent. Musei Pragae 27, Suppl. 1. p. 1-108.

Bou…ek, Z. 1955. Chalcidologicke poznamky III: Torymidae, Pteromalidae, Perilampidae and Eucharitidae. Acta Ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 30: 305-30.

Boucek, Z. 1959. Trichomalus lonchaeae n. sp. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), a parasite of Lonchaeidae (Diptera) in Germany. Acta Ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 33: 37-40.

Boucek, Z. 1961. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pteromalidenfauna von Mitteleuropa, mit Beschreibung neuer Arten und Gattungen (Hymenoptera). Acta Ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 34: 55-95.

Boucek, Z. 1963. A taxonomic study in Spalangia Latr. (Hym., Chalcidoidea). Acta Ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 35: 429-512.

Boucek, Z. 1965. Descriptions of new species of Spalangia Latr. (Hym., Chalcidoidea) from Africa and South America with notes on some known species. Acta Ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 36: 593-602.

Boucek, Z. 1965. A review of the chalcidoid fauna of the Moldavian S.S.R., with descriptions of new species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Acta faun. ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 11: 5-38.

Boucek, Z. 1965. Contributions to the Czechoslovak fauna of Chalcidoidea (Hym.). Acta faun. ent. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 12: 231-60.

Boucek, Z. 1970. Contribution to the knowledge of Italian Chalcidoidea, based mainly on a study at the Institute of Entomology in Turin, with descriptions of some new European species (Hymenoptera). Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital. 59: 35-102.

Boucek, Z. 1977. A faunistic review of the Yugoslavian Chalcidoidea (parasitic Hymenoptera). Acta ent. Jugoslavica, Zagreb 13: 1-145.

Boucek, Z. & M. V. R. de V. Graham. 1978. British check list of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Taxonomic notes and additions. Ent. Gaz. Faringdon 29: 225-35.

Boucek, Z. & T. C. Narendran. 1981. Indian chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera) of the genus Dirhinus parasitic on synanthropic and other Diptera. Syst. Ent., Oxford 6: 229-51.

Bouletreau, M. 1986. The genetics and coevolutionary interactions between parasitoids and their hosts, p. 169-200. In: Insect Parasitoids. proc. 13th Symp. Roy. Ent. Soc., London 1985.

Bradley, S. W. & D. C. Sheppard. 1984. House fly oviposition inhibition by larvae of Hermetia illucens, the black soldier fly. J. Chem. Ecol. 10: 853-59.

Bradley, S. W., D. C. Booth & D. C. Sheppard. 1984. Parasitism of the black soldier fly by Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) in poultry houses. Environ. Ent. 13: 451-4.

Brethes, J. 1915. Sur la Prospalangia platensis (N. Gen., N. sp.) (Hymen.) et sa Biologie. Ann. Soc. Cien. Argentina 5(6): 314-20. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-8: 61].

Bridwell, J. C. 1919. Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous parasites of muscoid Diptera with notes on their habits. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 4: 166-79.

Briggs, J. D. 1959. Feeding layers Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner to control Musca domestica L. developing in chicken feces. Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 5: 115.

Briggs, J. D. 1960. Reduction of adult housefly emergence by the effects of Bacillus spp. on the development of immature forms. J. Insect Path. 2: 418-32.

Bromley, S. W. 1945. Insect enemies of the house fly, Musca domestica L. J. New York. Ent. Soc. 53: 145-52.

Bruce, W. N. & G. C. Decker. 1958. The relationship of stable fly abundance to milk production in dairy cattle. J. Econ. Ent. 51: 269-74.

Brues, C. T. 1946/7. Dragonflies as predatory enemies of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). Psyche 53: 50-1. [Rev. Appl. Ent. 37: 35].

Buchaanan, R. M. 1913. Empusa muscae as a carrier of bacterial infection from the house-fly. Brit. Med. J. 2: 1369-72.

Burgess, L. P., Jr. & C. W. Wingo. 1968. The host and present status of Alysia ridibunda Say in Missouri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 70: 204-08.

Burks, B. D. 1943. The North American parasitic wasps of the genus Tetrastichus-- a contribution to biological control of insect pests. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 93: 505-6.

Burks, B. D. 1969. Species of 'Spalangia' Latreille in the United States National Museum collection. Smithson. Contrib. Zool., Washington 2: 1-7.

Burks, B. D. 1979. Family Pteromalidae, p. 368. In: K. V. Krombein, P. D. Hurd, Jr., D. R. Smith & B. D. Burks (eds.), Catalogue of the Hymenoptera in America north of Mexico. Vol. I. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Smithson. Press, Washington.

Burks, B. D. 1979. Pteromalidae, p. 768-834. In: K. V. Krombein, P. D. Hurd, Jr., D. R. Smith & D. B. Burks (eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Vol. 1. Smithsonian Inst., Wash., D. C.

Burns, E. C., B. H. Wilson & B. A. Tower. 1961. Effect of feeding Bacillus thuringiensis to caged layers for fly control. J. Econ. Ent. 54: 913-15.

Burton, R. P. & E. C. Turner, Jr. 1968. Laboratory propagation of Muscidifurax raptor on face fly pupae. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1380-3.

Butler, J. F. & R. L. Escher. 1981. Life cycle: development times of various pupal parasites of house flies and horn flies in Florida, p. 80-9. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Butler, J. F., R. L. Escher & J. A. Hogsette. 1981. Natural parasite levels in house flies, stable flies, and horn flies in Florida, p. 61-79. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Cabrales, G., R. Figueroa, F. Uribe & C. I. Trochez. 1985. Evaluación del efecto del parasitismo por Spalangia endius W. (Hym. Pteromalidae) sobre la dinámica de población de Musca domestica L. en galpones para aves (La Florida-Risaralda). Acta Agronómica, Palmira 35: 93-105.

Campbell, J. B. 1981. Integrated pest management-- feedlots and dairies, p. 144-47. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Campbell, J. B., D. J. Boxler, J. I. Shugart, D. C. Clanton & R. Crookshank. 1981. Effects of house flies on weight gains and feed efficiency on yearling heifers on finishing rations. J. Econ. Ent. 74: 94-5.

Campbell, J. B., I. L. Berry, D. J. Boxler, R. L. Davis, D. C. Clanton & G. H. Deutscher. 1987. Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle. J. Econ. Ent. 80: 117-19.

Campion, H. 1921. Some dragonflies and their prey-- 2. With remarks on the identity of the species of Orthetrum involved. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 9 Ser, 8: 240-5. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-9: 175].

Capehart, J. S., R. L. Harris & D. E. Bay. 1981. The effect of host species on developmental time of Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia drosophilae. Southwest. Ent. 6: 136-9.

Cassida, J. D. 1975. The parasitoid wasps, Habrobracon and Mormoniella, p. 173-203. In: R. C. King (ed.), Handbook of Genetics. Vol. 3. Plenum Press, NY.

Caudri, L. W. D. 1941. The braconid, Alysia manducator Panzer, in its relation to the blow-fly, Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. P.D. Thesis, Univ. of Leiden, The Netherlands.

Chabora, P. C. 1967. Hereditary behavior variation in oviposition patterns in the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Canad. Ent. 99: 763-5.

Chabora, P. C. 1970a. Studies of parasite-host interaction using geographical strains of the blow fly Phaenicia sericata and its parasite Nasonia vitripennis. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63: 495-501.

Chabora, P. C. 1970b. Studies of parasite-host interations. II. Reproductive and developmental response of the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to strains of the house fly host, Musca domestica. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63: 1632-6.

Chabora, P. C. 1970c. Studies in parasite-host interaction. III. Host race effect on the life table and population growth statistics of the parasite Nasonia vitripennis. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63: 1637-42.

Chabora, P. C. 1972. Studies in parasite-host interaction. IV. Modifications of parasite, Nasonia vitripennis, responses to control and selected host, Musca domestica, populations. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65: 323-8.

Chabora, P. C. 1980. House fly population variation by parasite bioassay and behavioral measures. Abstr. 16th Intern. Ent. Congr., Kyoto 1980. p. 125.

Chabora, P. C. 1987. Influencia de diferentes dietas no desenvolvimento de larvas de Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae) em laboratorio. Rev. Agr., Sao Paulo 62: 101-13.

Chabora, P. C. & A. J. Chabora. 1971. Effects of an interpopulation hybrid host on parasite population dynamics. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 64: 558-62.

Chabora, P. C. & D. Pimentel. 1966. Effect of host (Musca domestica Linnaeus) age on the pteromalid parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). Canad. Ent. 98: 1226-31.

Chabora, P. C. & D. Pimentel. 1970. Patterns of evolution in parasite-host systems. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63: 479-86.

Chabora, P. C. & S. J. Smolin. 1979. Observations on the life history of Pseudeucoila spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). J. New York Ent. Soc. 86: 274-330.

Chabora, P. C., S. J. Smolin & A. H. Kopelman. 1979. The life history of Pseudeucoila sp., a protelian parasite of Drosophila. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 72: 495-99.

Charles, V. K. 1939. Notes on entomogenous fungi. Plant Dis. Reptr. 23: 340. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-28: 237].

Charles, V. K. 1941. A preliminary check list of the entomogenous fungi of North America. Insect Pest Surv. Bull. U.S. 21, Suppl. 9. p. 707-85.

Chernoguz, D. G. 1984. On ontogenic aspect of parasitism of the parasitoids of the subfamily Alysiinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). I. Relation of Alysia manducator Panz. and Calliphora vicina R.-D. (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Entomol. Obozrenie 63(4): 658-71. [in Russian].

Chernoguz, D. G. 1986. Die Wirkung der Metamorphoseblokierung der Fliegen infolge Parasitierung durch Alysia manducator Panz. (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Ent. Obozrenie, Leningrad 68: 114-19. [in Russian].

Chernoguz, D. G. & S. Y. Reznik. 1987. Ethological and physiological components of host specificity of the braconid Alysia manducator Panz. (Hymenoptera< Braconidae). Ent. Obozrenie, Leningrad 66: 499-510. [in Russian].

Chernoguz, D. G. & N. P. Vaghina. 1987. An experimental detection of the developmental stage of parasitoid, Alysia manducator, causing pupation of its host. Zool. Zhurnal, Moskva 66: 1209-13. [in Russian].

Chernoguz, D. G., S. Y. Reznik & K. B. Zinovjeva. 1987. The role of age and physiological conditions of Calliphora vicina for parasitizing by a braconid, alysia manducator. Zool. Zhurnal, Moskva 66: 533-42. [in Russian].

Chillcott, J. G. 1960. A revision of the nearctic species of Fanniinae (Diptera: Muscidae). Canad. Ent. 92: suppl. 14.

Chu, F. Y. 1984. Discovery of Spalangia sp.-- a pupal parasite of Musca domestica vicina Macquart (M. domestica domestica). Natural Enemies of Insects, Kunchong Tiandi 6: 149 p. [in Chinese].

Chu, I-Wu & R. C. Axtell. 1971. Fine structure of the dorsal organ of the house fly larva (Musca domestica L.). Zeit. f. Zellforschung 117: 17-34.

Chu-Wang, I-Wu & R. C. Axtell. 1972a. Fine structure of the terminal organ of the house fly larva, Musca domestica L. Zeit. f. Zellforschung. 127: 287-305.

Cicolani, B. 1979. The intrinsic rate of natural increase in dung macrochelid mites, predators of Musca domestica eggs. Boll. Zool. 46: 171-78.

Clark, C. U. 1895. On the food habits of certain dung and carrion beetles. J. New York Ent. Soc. 3: 61.

Clausen, C. P. 1940. Entomophagous Insects. McGraw-Hill, NY. 688 p.

Coats, S. A. 1976. Life cycle and behavior of Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 69: 772-80.

Coch, F. 1981. Zum jahreszeitlichen Auftreten des Musca domestica-- Parasitoiden Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in einer Schweinezuchtanlage. Angew. Parasitol. 22(4): 217-21.

Cock, M. J. W. 1978. The assessment of preference. J. Anim. Ecol. 47: 805-16.

Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. 1970-71. Annual Report. Investigation on natural enemies of some flies that breed in dung and vegetable refuse. Misc. Publ. CIBC, Pakistan Station, Rawalpindi. 13 p.

Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. 1974. Investigation on natural enemies of some flies that breed in dung and vegetable refuse. Final report, 1970-1974. Misc. Publ. CIBC, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. 56 p.

Coons, L. B. & R. C. Axtell. 1973. Sensory setae of the first tarsi and palps of the mite, Macrocheles muscaedomesticae. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66: 539-44.

Copland, M. J. W. & P. E. King. 1972. The structure of the female reproductive system in the Pteromalidae (Chalcidoidea: Hymenoptera). Entomologist 105: 77-96.

Coppel, H. C. & J. W. Mertins. 1977. Biological insect pest suppression. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 314 p.

Cornell, H. & D. Pimentel. 1978. Switching in the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis and its effects on host competition. Ecology 59: 297-308.

Costello, R. A. 1984. Musca domestica L., house fly (Diptera: Muscidae), p. 63-4. In: J. S. Kelleher & M. A. Hulme (eds.), Biological Control Programmes Against Insects and Weeds in Canada 1969-1980. Commonwealth Agric. Bur., Slough, England.

Costello, R. A. & D. M. Hamilton. 1982. Fly control on egg production farms. Publ. Min. Agr. & Food, Victoria. 11 p.

Cousin, G. 1933. Etude biologique d'un chalcidien: Mormoniella vitripennis Walk. Bull. Biol. France et Belgique 67: 371-400.

Crandell, H. A. 1939. The biology of Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead (Hymenoptera), a pteromalid parasite of Piophila casei L. (Diptera). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 32: 632-54.

Curry, G. L. & R. M. Feldman. 1987. Mathematical Foundations of Population Dynamics. Texas A. & M. Univ. Press, College Sta., TX.

Cutler, J. R. 1955. The morphology of the head of the final instar of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., Lond, Ser. A. 30: 73-81.

Dabbour, A. I., M. E. Moussa, M. I. Abd-El-Aziz & M. A. Nasef. 1981. Contribution to the biological control of the domestic house fly Musca domestica L. in Riyadh region (Saudi Arabia). Proc. 5th Conf. on the Biological Aspects of Saudi Arabia, Coll. Educ., Abha, King Saud Univ., Abha. p. 241-9.

Daoust, R. A. 1983. Pathogens of Muscidae (muscid flies), p. 230-39. In: D. W. Roberts, R. A. Daoust & S. P. Wraight (eds.), Bibliography on Pathogens of Medically Important Arthropods. WHO, VBC/83.1.

Dautert-Willimzik, E. 1931. Einige Beobachtungen über das Geschlechtsleben der Männchen der Schlupfwespe Nasonia brevicornis Ashm. Zool. Anz., Leipzig 93: 306-8.

Davies, I. 1975. A study of the effect of diet on the life-span of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). J. Gerontol. 30: 294-98.

Davies, I. & P. E. King. 1975. A morphometric and cytochemical analysis of aging changes in the flight muscle of Nasonia vitripennis. Mechanism Ageing Devt. 4: 459-68.

Davies, W. M. 1930. Parasitism in relation to pupation in Lucilia sericata Meig. Nature, London 125: 779-80.

Dean, R. (year?). The relationship between the size of the host and the resultant brood size, sex ratio and the size of emerging individuals in two parasitic Hymenoptera, Ixodiphagus texanus Howard, and Nasonia vitripennis (Walker). B.S. Thesis, Univ. Wales, Cardiff.

DeBach, P. 1974. Biological Control by Natural Enemies. Cambridge Univ. Press, London. 323 p.

DeBach, P. & H. S. Smith. 1941a. Are population oscillations inherent in the host-parasite relation. Ecology 22: 363-9.

DeBach, P. & H. S. Smith. 1941b. The effect of host density on the rate of reproduction of entomophagous parasites. J. Econ. Ent. 34: 741-5.

DeBach, P. & H. S. Smith. 1947. Effects of parasite population density on rate of change of host and parasite populations. Ecology 28: 290-98.

DeFoliart, G. R. 1963. Preventive spraying schedules for dairy farm fly control. J. Econ. Ent. 56: 649-54.

DeLoof, A., J. van Loon & C. Vanderroost. 1979b. Influence of ecdysterone, precocene and compounds with juvenile hormone activity on induction, termination and maintenance of diapause in the parasitoid wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. Physiol. Ent. 4: 319-28.

Despins, J. L., E. C. Turner, Jr. & P. L. Ruszler. 1987. Construction profiles of high rise caged layer houses in association with insulation damage caused by the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) in Virginia. Poult. Sci. 66: 243-50.

Despins, J. L., J. A. Vaughn & E. C. Turner, Jr. 1988. Role of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), as a predator of the house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in poultry houses. Coleop. Bull. 42: 211-16.

Diffloth, P. 1921. La mouche des étables. Vie Agric. Rur. 19(32): 101-4. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-9: 166].

Doutt, R. L. 1964. Biological characteristics of entomophagous adults, Chapt. 6, p. 145-67. In: P. DeBach (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., London.

Dove, W. E. & S. W. Simmons. 1942. Control of stable fly, or "dog fly," breeding in shore deposits of bay grasses. J. Econ. Ent. 35: 582-89. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-31: 95].

Drea, J. J. & E. G. King. 1981. The coordination of scientific and commercial aspects of biological control of filth breeding flies, p. 1-4. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Dunn, P. H. 1960. Control of houseflies in bovine feces by feed additive containing Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner. J. Insect Pathol. 2: 13-16.

Dzhanokmen, K. A. 1984. New data on the hosts of pteromalids (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Ent. Obozrenie, Leningrad 63: 259-64. [in Russian].

Edwards, R. L. 1955b. How the hymenopteran parasite Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) finds its host. Brit. J. Anim. Behav. 3: 37-8.

Erdös, J. Chalcidoidea VII. In: Fauna Hungariae No. 70(12): 8-33.

Fabritius, K. 1977. Tehnologia inmultirii in masa a unor insecte entomofage in vederea folosirii lor in combaterea biologica. Luc. Ses. St. I.I.S.P.-B 12: 71-2.

Fabritius, K. 1978. Laborzucht von Muscidifurax raptor Gir. & Sand. (Hym., Chalcidoidea) und sin Einsatz für die biologische Bekämpfung synantroper Fliegen. Mitt. dtsch. Ges. allg. angew. Ent. 1: 231-33.

Fabritius, K. 1979a. Coptera inaequalifrons Jansson (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), ein polyphager Fliegenpuparienparasit. Muz. Brukenthal Sibiu. Stud. com. St. nat. 23: 319-22.

Fabritius, K. 1979b. Indicele sexual si importanta sa in tehnologia de inmultire in conditi de laborator, a parazitului Muscidifurax raptor Gir. and Sand. Luc. Ses. St. I>I>S>B.-B, Bucuresti 14: 68-9.

Fabritius, K. 1980a. Stocarea pupariilor de Musca domestica L. parazitate de Muscidifurax raptor Gir. et Sand. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). St. cerc. biol., Ser. biol. anim. 32(1): 83-8.

Fabritius, K. 1980e. Laborversuche mit Muscidifurax raptor Gir. & Sand. (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), Sex ratio - Parasitierungsleistung - Wirtsgrösse. Studii si Comunicári, Muz. Brukenthal, St. Nat., Vol. 24: 445-8.

Fabritius, K. 1980f. Cercetári ecologice privind relatiile dintre dipterele sinantrope si unii paraziti specifici ai acestora, in vederea cunoasterii posibilitátilor de combatere biologicá. Lucrare multiplicatá la I.I.S.P., Bucuresti. 58 p. [in Romanian].

Fabritius, K. 1981a. Über das natürliche Vorkommen und den Wirtskreis von Parasiten synanthropic Fliegen. Z. angew. Zool. 68(2): 139-49.

Fabritius, K. 1981b. Guided biological control of the synanthropic fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae) by the parasite Muscidifurax raptor Gir. & Sand. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). St. cerc. biol., Seria biol. anim. T-33(1): 89-92. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1981c. The influence of relative humidity on the biological potential of Muscidifurax raptor Gir. & Sand. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). Stud. cerc. biol., Seria biol. anim. T-34(1): 62-9. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1981. Die Puparienparasiten von Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae) und die Verwendung dieser in der gesteuerten biologischen Bekämpfung. Luc. Stiintifice, Inst. Inv. sup. Constanta, Biologie. p. 11-17. [in Romanian w/ German summary].

Fabritius, K. 1983a. Utilizarea in tehnologia de inmultire a entomofagului Muscidifurax raptor Gir. & Sand. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) a pupariilor de Musca domestica L. omorite. St. cerc. biol., Seria biol. anim. T-35(1): 49-51. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1983b. Parazitoizii larvelor si pupariilor de Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). [Larval & pupal parasitoids of Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae)]. St. Cerc. Biol. Ser. Biol. Anim. 35(2): 82-6. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1983c. Michael Czakul un chirurg transilvánean la curtea domnitorilor moldoveni, p. 185-92. In: G. Brátescu (ed.), Momente din trecutul medicinii. Medicalá Bucuresti. [in Romanian].

Fabritius, K. 1983d. Die Puparienparasiten der synanthropen Fliegen Eristalomyia tenax L. und Lathyrophthalmus aeneus Scop. (Syrphidae, Diptera). Studii si Comunicári, Mus. Brukenthal, Sibiu. St. Nat., Vol. 25: 347-50. [in Romanian w/ German summary].

Fabritius, K. 1984a. Untersuchungen über eine inzucht von Muscidifurax raptor unter Laborbedingungen. Ent. Genet. 9: 237-41. [English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1986a. Die Parasitoiden von Musca domestica L. (Diptera, Muscidae): Eine zusammenfassende übersicht. Entomologentagung DGaaE, Wuppertal, Rezumate. p. 44.

Fabritius, K. 1986b. Die biologische Bekämpfung von synanthropen Fliegen mit Entomophagen. Luc. III. Conf. Nat. Entomologie, Iasi 1983. p. 535-41. [in Romanian w/ German summary].

Fabritius, K. 1986c. Das biologische Potential des Entomophagen Muscidifurax raptor Gir. & Sand. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) unter Laborbedingungen in 48 Generationen. Luc. III. Conf. Nat. Entomologie, Iasi 1983. p. 543-48. [in Romanian w/ German summary].

Fabritius, K. 1987a. Die Parasiten von Musca domestica L. (Diptera - Muscidae): Eine zusammenfassende Ubersicht.. Mitt. dtsch. Ges. allg. angew. Ent. 5: 174-81. [English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1987b. Reconsideration of the synanthropic fly Chrysomyia albiceps Wied. in Romania. Igiena, Bucuresti. 36(4): 303-6. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1988a. The hygienic doubtfulness and epidemiogenous risk of synanthropic flies. Z. gesamte Hyg., Jahrg. 34, H-1: 59-61. [in German w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1988b. Puparienparasiten synanthroper Fliegen in Rumänien und ihre Eignung für die biologische Bekämpfung dieser Fliegen. 12th Internatl. Symp. Entomofaunistik (SIEEC), Kiew 1988, abstr p. 48.

Fabritius, K. 1988c. Monomorium pharaonis L ants, an important vector in Romania. Igiena, Bucuresti. 37(1): 61-3. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1988d. Man and synanthropic insects. 4th Conf. Nat. Ent. Cluj 1986, Napoca. p. 55-58. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1988e. Anthropobiocoenosis in the recreation areas. Igiena, Bucuresti. Vol. 37(3): 209-14. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. 1990. Entomofagii mustelor sinantrope din Romania: parazitoizii larvelor si ai pupariilor. Luc. Simpoz. "Entomofagii si rolul lor i pástrarea echilibrului natural, Univ. "Al. I. Cuza," Iasi 1989. p. 23-30. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. & I. Andriescu. 1984. Hemisynthropic flies as providers of natural parasitoids (Hymenoptera) for the biological control of eusynanthropes. Abstr. 17th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Hamburg.

Fabritius, K. & V. Gherasim. 1976-77. Okologische Beziehungen zwischen einigen in der Landwirtschaft schädlichen und synanthropen Fliegen-Arten. Trav. Station "Stejarul." Ecologie Terrestre et Génetique, Pingarati. p. 261-64. [in Romanian w/ German summary].

Fabritius, K. & R. Klunker. 1991. Die Larven- und Puparienparasitoide von synanthropen Fliegen in Europa. Beilage zu angew. Parasitol. 32: 1-24.

Fabritius, K. & G. Romanca. 1984. Un capturator pentru muste sinantrope. St. cerc. biol., Seria biol. anim., Bucuresti. T-36(2): 107-10. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. & G. Romanca. 1985. Ecologia si combaterea vectorilor. In: S. Mánescu (ed.), Tratatul de Igiená. Vol. II, Medicalá: 80-97. [in Romanian].

Fabritius, K. & G. Romanca. 1988. Creophily of synanthropic flies. Stud. cerc. biol., Seria biol. anim., Bucuresti. T-40(1): 9-13. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. & E. Totescu. 1988. Ecological aspects regarding the role of synanthropic flies during the tourist season. 6th Cong. Nat. Igiená, Medicina Muncii, Mediciná Socialá, Bucuresti- rezumate. p. 23-4. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. & A. Ursu. 1980. The role of biotechnological cards in selecting the strains of parasite Hymenoptera efficient for guided biological control. Stud. cerc. biol., Seria biol. anim. T-32(2): 181-3. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K. & A. Ursu. 1981. Cerceti ecologice privind relatille dintre dipterele sinantrope si unii paraziti specifici al acestora, in vederea cuncasterii posibilitatilor de combatere biologicà. Rez. Lucr. Ses. St. II. SP.B, 16: 103-113.

Fabritius, K., E. Totescu & G. Romanca. 1985. Bacteriological carrying by synanthropic flies, a sanitary indicator of pollution with Enterobacteriaceae. Igiena, Bucuresti. Vol. 34(4): 305-12. [in Romanian w/ English summary].

Fabritius, K., E. Totescu & G. Romanca. 1986a. Synanthrope Fliegen an menschlichen Fäkalien und ihre Bedeutung als Vektor von Enterobacteriaceen. 11th Internatl. Symp. SIEEC, Gotha, rezumate. p. 26.

Fabritius, K., E. Totescu & G. Romanca. 1986c. Synanthrope Fliegen an menschlichen Fäkalien und ihre Bedeutung als Vektor von Enterobacteriaceen. Z. gesamte Hyg. 32(8): 474-77. [English & Russian summaries].

Fain, A. 1964. Observations sur la biologie de Cordylobia ruanda et de son bôte Grammomys dolichurus surdaster au Rwanda. Parasitisme des pupes de cette mouche par des chalcidoides. Ann. Soc. Belge Med. trop., Parasitol. Mycol. 44: 1095-1104.

Farish, D. J. & R. C. Axtell. 1966. Sensory functions of the palps and first tarsi of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae), a predator of the house fly. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 59: 165-70.

Farish, D. J. & R. C. Axtell. 1971. Phoresy redefined and examined in Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae). Acarologia 13: 16-29.

Farkas, R. & L. Papp. 1990. Hydrotaea (Ophyra) species as potential biocontrol agents against Musca domestica (Diptera) in Hungary, Chapt. 13, p. 169-76. In: D. A. Rutz & R. S. Patterson (eds.), Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry. Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

Fatchurochim, S., C. J. Geden & R. C. Axtell. 1989. Filth fly (Diptera) oviposition and larval development in poultry manure of various moisture levels. J. Ent. Sci. 24: 224-31.

Figg, D. E., R. D. Hall & G. D. Thomas. 1983a. Insect parasites associated with Diptera developing in bovine dung pats on central Missouri pastures. Environ. Ent. 12: 961-66.

Figg, D. E., R. D. Hall & G. D. Thomas. 1983. Host range and eclosion success of the parasite Aphaereta pallipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) among dung-breeding Diptera in central Missouri. Environ. Ent. 12: 993-5.

Filipponi, A. 1955a. Sulla natura dell' associazione tra Macrocheles muscae domesticae e Musca domestica. R. C. Ist. Sup. Sanità 18: 1129-52.

Filipponi, A. 1955b. Sulla natura dell' associazione tra Macrocheles muscae domesticae e Musca domestica. Riv. Parassit. 16: 83-102.

Filipponi, A. 1957. Arrenotachia in Macrocheles subbadius (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Riv. Parasit. 18: 27-33.

Filipponi, A. 1960. Macrochelidi (Acarina, Mesostigmata) foretici di mosche. Risultati parziali di una indagine ecologica in corso nell'Agro Pontino. Parasitologia 2: 167-72.

Filipponi, A. 1964. The feasibility of mass producing macrochelid mites for field trials against houseflies. Bull. World Health Org. 3: 499-501.

Filipponi, A. & L. Cervone. 1957. Isolamento sessuale tra due speecie di Macrocheles, foretiche e predatrici di Musca domestica. Riv. Parassit. 18: 17-26.

Filipponi, A. & A. Ilardi. 1958. Sulla validità di tre specie del sottogenere berlesiano Macrocheles (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Riv. Parassit. 19: 117-30.

Filipponi, A. & F. Pegazzano. 1960. Acari del genere Glyptholaspis nom. nov. pro Macrocheles (Macrocheles) Berl., 1918 (Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae). Redia 45: 133-71.

Filipponi, A. & M. G. Petrelli. 1967. Autecologia capacitá moltiplicativa di Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) (Acari: Mesostigmata). Riv. Parassitol. 28: 129-56.

Filipponi, A. & L. Seganti. 1957. Arrenotochia in Macrocheles subbadius (Acarina, Mesostigmata). Riv. Parassit. 18: 27-33.

Fincher, G. T. & P. B. Morgan. 1987. Biological control of flies affecting livestock and poultry (Accepted by editor, Bulletin of Southern Regional Project, S-192, June 15, 1987).

Firschel, M. J. B., Sr. & A. Wolsky. 1956. Observations on the pigment development in pupae of Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker). Anat. Rec. 125: 599-600.

Fischer, M. 1966. Die nearktischen Aphaereta-Arten. Reichenbachia, Dresden 6: 155-73.

Fischer, M. 1970. Die Alysiinae der Steiermark (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Mitt. Abt. Zool. Bot. Janneum, Graz 34: 1-44.

Fischer, M. 1971. Untersuchungen über die europäischen Alysiinae mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Fauna Niederösterreiches (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Polskie Pismo Ent., Warszawa, Wroclaw 41: 19-160.

Fischer, M. 1986. Neue Bestimmungsschlüssel für paläarktische Opiinae, neue Subgenera, Redeskriptionen und eine neue Art (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 88/89: 607-62.

Flanders, S. E. 1934. The secretion of the collateral glands in the parasitic chalcidids. J. Econ. Ent. 27: 861-62.

Flanders, S. E. 1935. An apparent correlation between the feeding habits of certain pteromalids and the conditions of their ovarian follicles. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 28: 438-44.

Flanders, S. E. 1946. Control of sex and sex-limited polymorphism in the Hymenoptera. Quart. Rev. Biol. 21: 135-43.

Flanders, S. E. 1956. The mechanisms of sex-ratio regulation in the (parasitic) Hymenoptera. Insectes Sociaux, Paris 3: 325-34.

Flanders, S. E. 1962. The parasitic Hymenoptera: Specialists in population regulation. Canad. Ent. 94: 1133-47.

Fletcher, M. G., R. C. Axtell & R. E. Stinner. 1990. Longevity and fecundity of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) as a function of temperature. J. Med. Ent. 27: 922-26.

Fletcher, M. G., R. C. Axtell, R. E. Stinner & L. R. Wilhoit. 1991. Temperature-dependent development of immature Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae), a predator of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). J. Ent. Sci. 26: 99-108.

Frazer, B. D. & N. Gilbert. 1976. Coccinellids and aphids: a quantitative study of the impact of adult ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) preying on field populations of pea aphids (Homoptera: Aphidiae). J. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia 73: 33-56.

Frey, R. C. 1981. The use of parasites and predators in commercial integrated pest control method fly control programs, p. 201-5. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Fried, C. S. 1986. Host parasitism and progeny production of two strains of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ. Ent. 15: 439-42.

Fried, C. S. 1987. Comparative population biology of the parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on house fly (Musca domestica) (Diptera: Muscidae) hosts. ? Thesis, Cornell Univ., Ithaca. 148 p.

Friedler, G. & D. T. Ray. 1951. Androgenesis and mutation in the wasp Mormoniella. Anat. Rec. 111: 475.

Frilli, F. 1973. Studi sugli Imenotteri Icneumonidi IV. II genere Phygadeuon s.l.-- Revisione delle specie descritte da Thomson. Entomologica 9: 85-117.

Froggatt, J. L. 1918/1919. An economic study of Nasonia brevicornis, a hymenopterous parasite of muscid Diptera. Bull. Ent. Res. 9: 257-62.

Froggatt, W. W. 1914a. Sheep-maggot flies in Australia. Bull. Ent. Res. 5: 37-9.

Froggatt, W. W. 1914b. The sheep-maggot fly (Calliphora rufifacies) and its parasite. Agr. Gaz., N.S. Wales 25: 107-113.

Froggatt, W. W. 1916. A new parasite on sheep-maggot flies. Notes and description of a chalcid parasite (Chalcis calliphorae). Agr. Gaz. N.S. Wales 27: 505-7.

Froggatt, W. W. 1917. "Policemen flies." Fossorial wasps that catch flies. Agr. Gaz. N.S.W. 28: 667-9.

Froggatt, W. W. 1919. The digger chalcid parasite (Dirhinus sarcophagae n. sp.) on Sarcophaga aurifrons. Agric. Gaz. New South Wales, Australia 30: 853-55.

Froggatt, W. W. 1921. Sheep-maggot flies and their parasites. Observations made during the investigations carried out at the Government Sheep- fly Experiment Station, Warrah, 1920-21. Agr. Gaz. N.S. Wales 32: 725-31, 807-13.

Froggatt, W. W. & T. McCarthy. 1914. The parasite of the sheep-maggot fly (Nasonia brevicornis). Notes and observations in the field and laboratory. N.S.W. Agric. Gaz. 25(9): 759-64.

Fukuda, S. 1939. Biology of Mormoniella vitripennis (Wlk.), a parasite of Sturmia sericariae Corn. Zool. Mag. 51: 185-94. [in Japanese].

Fuldner, D. Beiträge zur Morphologie und Biologie von Aleochara bilineata Gyll. und Aleochara bipustulata L. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Z. Morph. Okol. d. Tiere, Berlin 49: 312-86.

Fuldner, D. 1964. Geruchsorientierung einer parasitischen Käferlarve (Aleochara curtula Goete) am Puparium des Wirtes (Calliphora). Die Naturwissenschaffen 51: 345-46.

Fuldner, D. 1968. Experimentelle Analyse des Orientierungsverhaltens der Eilarve von Aleochara curtula Goeze (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) am Wirt. Z. vergl. Physiol., Berlin 61: 298-354.

Fullaway, D. T. 1915. Description of a new species of Spalangia. Proc. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. 3: 292-94.

Furman, D. P., R. D. Young & E. P. Catts. 1959. Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus) in natural control of Musca domestica. J. Econ. Ent. 52: 917-21.

Fye, R. L., G. C. LaBrecque, P. B. Morgan & Bowman, C. Malcolm. 1968. Development of an autosterilization technique for the house fly. J. Econ. Ent. 61: 1578‑1581.

Fye, R. L., P. B. Morgan & G. C. LaBrecque. 1973. Evaluating repellency of chemosterilants to house flies. J. Econ. Ent. 66: 354‑355.

Gahan, A. B. 1917. Descriptions of some new parasitic Hymenoptera. Proc. U. S. Natl. Museum 53: 195-217.

Gahan, A. B. 1927. Miscellaneous descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera with some synonymical notes. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D.C. 71: 1-39.

Gahan, A. B. 1933. The serphoid and chalcidoid parasites of the Hessian fly. Misc. Publ. U. S. Dept. Agr., Washington, D.C. 174: 1-147.

Gahan, A. B. & M. M. Fagan. 1923. The type species of the genera of Chalcidoidea or chalcid flies. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D.C. 124: 1-156.

Garbarczyk, H. & J. Sawoniewicz. 1984. Classification of parasitoids into guilds associated with different host groups. Ekol. Polska, Warszawa 32:(2): 261-70.

Garcia. R. & Legner, E. F.. 1999. The biological control of medical and veterinary pests. In: Fisher, T. W. & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds) Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 1046 p.

Geden, C. J. 1984. Population dynamics, spatial distribution, dispersal behavior and life history of the predaceous histerid, Carcinops pumilio (Erichson), with observations of other members of the poultry manure arthropod community. Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst. 220 p.

Geden, C. J. 1990. Coleopteran and acarine predators of house fly immatures in poultry production systems, Chapt 14, p. 177-200. In: D. A. Rutz & R. S. Patterson (eds.), Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

Geden, C. J. & R. C. Axtell. 1988. Predation by Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae) on the housefly (Diptera: Muscidae): Functional response, effects of temperature, and availability of alternative prey. Environ. Ent. 17: 739-44.

Geden, C. J. & J. G. Stoffolano, Jr. 1987. Succession of manure arthropods at a poultry farm in Massachusetts, USA, with observations on Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae) sex ratios, ovarian condition, and body size. J. Med. Ent. 24: 212-20.

Geden, C. J. & J. G. Stoffolano, Jr. 1988. Dispersion patterns of arthropods associated with poultry manure in enclosed houses in Massachusetts: spatial distribution and effects of manure moisture and accumulation time. J. Ent. Sci. 23: 156-58.

Geden, C. J., R. C. Axtell & W. M. Brooks. 1986. Susceptibility of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), to the entomogenous nematodes Steinernema feltiae, S. glaseri (Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Heterorhabditidae). J. Med. Ent. 23: 326-32.

Geden, C. J., J. G. Stoffolani, Jr. & J. S. Elkinton. 1987. Prey-mediated dispersal behavior of Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae). Environ. Ent. 16: 415-19.

Geden, C. J., R. F. Stinner & R. C. Axtell. 1988. Predation by predators of the house fly in poultry manure: effects of predator density, feeding history, interspecific interference and field conditions. Environ. Ent. 17: 320-29.

Geden, C. J., D. C. Steinkraus & D. A. Rutz. 1989. Poecilochirus monospinosus (Acarina: Parasitidae), a predator of house fly immatures: new locality records from New York and Massachusetts. J. NY. Ent. Soc. 97: 483-85.

Geden, C. J., R. E. Stinner, D. A. Kramer & R. C. Axtell. 1990. MACMOD: a simulation model of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae) population dynamics and rates of predation on immature house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Environ. Ent. 19: 578-86.

Geden, C. J., L. Smith, S. J. Long & D. A. Rutz. 1992. Rapid deterioration of searching behavior, host destruction, and fecundity of the parasitoid Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in culture. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 85: 179-87.

Geetha-Bai, M. & T. Sankaran. 1977. Parasites, predators and other arthropods associated with Musca domestica and other flies breeding in bovine manure. Entomophaga 22: 163-67.

Geetha-Bai, G. & T. Sankaran. 1985. Seasonal occurrence of Musca domestica L. (Dipt.: Muscidae) and other flies in relation to their pupal parasites in animal manure in and around Bangalore. Proc. Symp. Ecology of Animal Populations, Zool. Survey of India. p. 133-44. (Rev. Appl. Ent. B, 73(2193): 258.).

Georgis, R., B. A. Mullens & J. A. Meyer. 1987. Survival and movement of insect parasitic nematodes in poultry manure and their infectivity against Musca domestica. J. Nematol. 19: 292-95.

Gerling, D. 1967. The eggs of the pupal parasites of Musca domestica L. Israel J. Ent. 2: 11-13.

Gerling, D. & E. F. Legner. 1968. Developmental history and reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, parasite of synanthropic flies. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61(6): 1436-1443.

Gersdorf, E. 1964. Neues über Spalangia cameroni Grav. (Pter., Chalc., Hym.). Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover 108: 47-8.

Gersdorf, E. 1969. Beitrag über das Vorkommen einiger Dipteren-Parasiten. 2 Teil. Ber. Naturhist. Ges. Hannover 113: 87-99.

Geršenson, S. M. 1946. The genetical structure of wild populations of Mormoniella vitripennis Wlk. (Chalcididae, Hymenoptera). Zhurnal obš…ej Biol., Moskva 7: 165-73. [in Russian].

Gingrich, R. E. 1965. Bacillus thuringiensis as a feed additive to control pests of cattle. J. Econ. Ent. 58: 363-64.

Girault, A. A. 1913. Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. VI. Mem. Queensland Mus., Brisbane 2: 303-34.

Girault, A. A. 1916a. Descriptions of four new species of North American Pteromalidae. Soc. Ent., Zürich 31: 56-8.

Girault, A. A. & G. E. Sanders. 1909/1910. The chalcidoid parasites of the common house fly or typhoid fly (Musca domestica Linn.) and its allies. I. Reconstruction of the chalcidoid genus Nasonia Ashmead of the family Pteromalidae, with description and biology of Nasonia brevicornis Ashmead, species nova, its type species from Illinois. Psyche 16(1909): 119-32; 17(1910): 9-28.

Girault, A. A. & G. E. Sanders. 1910a. II. Reconstructions of the genus Pachycrepoideus Ashmead of the family Pteromalidae, with description of P. dubius Ashmead, sp. nov., its type species. Psyche, Cambridge 17: 108-18.

Girault, A. A. & G. E. Sanders. 1910b. Description of a new North American genus and species of the family Pteromalidae from Illinois, parasitic on Musca domestica Linn., with biological notes. Psyche 18: 145-60.

Glaser, R. W. 1924a. Rearing flies for experimental purposes with biological notes. J. Econ. Ent. 17: 486-96.

Glaser, R. W. 1924b. The relation of microorganisms to the development and longevity of flies. Amer. J. Trop. Med. 4: 85-107.

Glaser, R. W. 1924c. A bacterial disease of adult house flies. Amer. J. Hyg. 4: 411-15. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-12: 180].

Glaser, R. W. 1926a. Further experiments on a bacterial disease of adult flies with a revision of the etiological agent. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 19: 193-8. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-14: 179].

Glaser, R. W. 1928. Virus diseases of insects, p. 279-31. In: T. M. Rivers (ed.), Filterable Viruses. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.

Gold, C. S. & D. L. Dahlsten. 1981. A new host record for Tachinaephagus zealandicus (Hym: Encyrtidae). Entomophaga 26: 459-60.

Goldstein, B. 1923. Resting spores of Empusa muscae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 50: 317-28.

Gordh, G. 1977. Biosystematics of natural enemies, ch. 4, p. 125-148. In: R. L. Ridgway & S. B. Vinson. Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies. Plenum Press, NY. & London.

Gourlay, E. S. 1930. Some parasitic Hymenoptera of economic importance in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Sci. Tech. 11: 339-43.

Graham, M. W. R. de V. 1956/57. A revision of the Walker-types of Pteromalidae (Hym., Chalcidoidea), including descriptions of new genera and species, 3 parts. Ent. Mon. Mag., Oxford 92/93: 76-98, 217-36, 246-63.

Graham, M. W. R. de V. 1969. The Pteromalidae of north-western Europe (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. Ent. Suppl. 16: 1-908.

Graham-Smith, G. S. 1916. Observations on the habits and parasites of common flies. Parasitol. 8: 440-544. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-4: 143].

Graham-Smith, G. S. 1919. Further observations on the habits and parasites of common flies. Parasitol. 11: 347-84.

Grant, B., G. A. Snyder & S. F. Glessner. 1974. Frequency-dependent mate selection in Mormoniella vitripennis. Evolution, Lancaster 28: 259-64.

Grant, G., S. Burton, C. Contoreggi & M. Rothstein. 1980. Outbreeding via frequency-dependent mate selection in the parasitoid wasp, Nasonia (= Mormoniella) vitripennis Walker. Evolution 34: 983-92.

Greathead, D. J. 1986a. Biological control of stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans and S. nigra), p. 116-19. In: R. S. Patterson & D. A. Rutz (eds.), Biological control of muscoid flies. Misc. Publ. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61.

Greathead, D. J. 1986b. Opportunities for biological control of insect pests in tropical Africa. Rev. Zool. Afric., Burxelles 100: 85-96.

Greathead, D. J. 1986c. Parasitoids in classical biological control, p. 289-318. In: J. K. Waage & D. J. Greathead (eds.), Insect Parasitoids. 13th Symp. Roy. Ent. Soc., London 18-19 Sep. 1985. Academic Press, London.

Greathead, D. J. & J. Monty. 1982. Biological control of stableflies (Stomoxys spp.): results from Mauritius in relation to fly control in dispersed breeding sites. C.I.B.C. Biocontrol News and Info. 3(2): 105-09.

Greenberg, B. 1971. Flies and Disease. Vol. 1. Ecology, Classification and Biotic Associations. Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ.

Greene, G. L., J. A. Hogsette & R. S. Patterson. 1989. Parasites that attack stable fly and house fly (Diptera; Muscidae) puparia during the winter on dairies in northwestern Florida. J. Econ. Ent. 82: 412-15.

Greenwood, E. S. 1964. Bacillus thuringiensis in the control of Lucilia sericata and Musca domestica. New Zealand J. Sci. 7: 221-26.

Griffith, G. C. D. 1964. The Alysiinae (Hym., Braconidae) parasites of the Agromyzidae (Diptera). 1. General questions of taxonomy, biology and evolution. Beitr. Ent., Berlin 14: 823-914.

Guzman, D. R. 1984. The impact of biological and environmental factors on the overwintering population dynamics of filth fly (Diptera: Muscidae) parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in Nebraska. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln. 122 p.

Guzman, D. R. & J. J. Petersen. 1986a. Cold acclimation and prolonged low temperature survival of filth fly parasites (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Environ. Ent. 15: 936-42.

Guzman, D. R. & J. J. Petersen. 1986b. Overwintering of filth fly parasites (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae) in open silage in eastern Nebraska. Environ. Ent. 15: 1296-1300.

Györfi, J. 1942. Faunistische Angaben zur Kenntnis der Verbreitung der Chalcididen im Karpaten-Becken. Frag. Faun. Hung. 5: 1-8.

Györfi, J. 1962. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Lebensweise der Chalcididen-Arten in Ungarn. Z. angew. Ent. 49: 107-23.

Habermehl, H. 1919. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Ichneumonidenfauna. Z. wiss. Insektenbiol., Husum, Berlin 15: 104-11.

Habu, A. 1960. A revision of the Chalcididae (Hymenoptera) of Japan, with descriptions of sixteen new species. Bull. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci. Ser. C. Nishigahara, Tokyo 11: 131-36.

Hair, J. A. & E. C. Turner, Jr. 1965. Attempted propagation of Nasonia vitripennis on the face fly. J. Econ. Ent. 58: 159-60.

Hahn, R. H. & E. E. Rosentreter (eds.). 1988. ASAE Standards 1988. (D384, Manure Production and Characteristics). Amer. Soc. Agr. Engineers, St. Joseph, Missouri.

Halffter, G. & E. G. Matthews. 1966. The natural history of dung beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Folia Ent. Mex. 12-14: 312 p.

Hall, D. G. 1937. New muscoid flies (Diptera) in the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 84: 210-16.

Hall, I. M. & K. Y. Arakawa. 1959. The susceptibility of the housefly, Musca domestica Linn. to Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner. J. Insect Pathol. 1: 351-55.

Hall, I. M. & J. C. Halfhill. 1959. The germination of resting spores of Entomophthora virulenta Hall and Dunn. J. Econ. Ent. 52: 30-5.

Hall, I. M., H. T. Dulmage & K. Y. Arakawa. 1972. Laboratory tests with entomogenous bacteria and the fungus Beauveria bassiana against the little house fly species Fannia canicularis and F. femoralis. Environ. Ent. 1: 105-07.

Hall, R. D. & L. H. Townsend, Jr. 1977. The Blow Flies of Virginia (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Insects of Virginia, No. 11, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. & St. Univ., Blacksburg, VA.

Hammer, O. 1941. Biological and ecological investigations on flies associated with pasturing cattle and their excrement. Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Foren., Copenhagen 105: 141-393.

Hardy, G. H. 1924. A blowfly and some parasites. Queensland Agric. J. 22: 349-50.

Hardy, G. H. 1925. The fecundity of Mormoniella and some problems in parthenogenesis. Queensland Agric. J. 24: 347-48.

Harris, J. A., J. E. Hillerton & S. V. Morant. 1987. Effect on milk production of controlling muscid flies, and reducing fly-avoidance behaviour, by use of fenvalerate ear tags during the dry period. J. Dairy Res. 54: 165-71.

Harris, R. L. 1987. Parasites, predators and competitors of dung-breeding Diptera collected in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe Veter. J. 17(1-4): 24-6.

Harris, R. L. & R. R. Blume. 1986. Beneficial insects inhabiting bovine droppings in the United States, p. 10-15. In: R. S. Patterson & D. A. Rutz (eds.), Biological Control of Muscoid Flies. Misc. Publ. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61.

Hart, S. A. 1963. Fowl fecal facts. World's Poult. Sci. J. 19: 262-72.

Hecht, O. 1970. Ecología y comportamiento de las moscas domesticas. Part I. Musca domestica L. Comisión de Operación y Fomento de Actividades Academicas Sección Editorial, Mexico. 113 p.

Heitland, W. 1988. Studies on parasitoids of Diptera from the wrack of the Kiel Fjord, West Germany. Bon. Zool. Beitr. 39: 129-46. [in German].

Herold, W. 1922. Beobachtungen an zwei Feinden der Stubenfliege: Mellinus arvensis L. und Vespa germanica Fabr. Z. angew. Ent. 8: 459. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-10: 195].

Hertveldt, L., M. van Keymeulen & C. Pelerents. 1984a. Large scale rearing of the entomophagous rove beetle Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch., Berlin-Dahlem 218: 70-5.

Hertveldt, L., M. van Keymeulen & A. Gillard. 1984b. Simple technique for handling adults and collecting eggs of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). J. Econ. Ent. 77: 267-70.

Hewitt, C. G. 1912. House-flies and How They Spread Disease. Cambridge Univ. Press. 122 p.

Hewitt, C. G. 1914. The House Fly, Musca domestica Linn. Its Structure, Habits, Development, Relation to Disease and Control. LXV, Cambridge Manuals of Sci. & Lit., Cambridge Univ. Press. 382 p.

Hewitt, C. G. 1914b. On the predacious habits of Scatophaga: a new enemy of Musca domestica. Canad. Ent. 46: 2-3. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-2: 56].

Ho, T. M. 1990. Phoretic association between Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari, Macrochelidae) and flies inhabiting poultry manure in peninsular Malaysia. Expl. Appl. Acarol. 10: 61-8.

Hobby, B. M. 1934. Predaceous Diptera and their prey. J. Soc. British Ent. 1: 35-9.

Hoelscher, C. E. & R. L. Combs, Jr. 1969. Laboratory rearing of Spalangia nigroaenea (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae). Florida Ent. 52: 103-5.

Hoffmann, S. 1950. Die hygienische Bedeutung der Fliegen. Mitt. Lebensm. Hyg., Bern 41: 189-222.

Hogsette, J. A. 1980. The evaluation of poultry pest management techniques in Florida poultry houses. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Florida, Gainesville. 308 p.

Hogsette, J. A. & J. F. Butler. 1981. Field and laboratory devices for manipulation of pupal parasites, p. 90-4. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Holdaway, F. G. & A. C. Evans. 1930. Parasitism a stimulus to pupation: Alysia manducator in relation to the host Lucilia sericata. Nature 125: 598-99.

Holdaway, F. G. & N. F. Smith. 1932. A relation between size of host puparia and sex ratio of Alysia manducator Panzer. Aust. J. Expt. Biol. Med. Sci. 9: 247-59.

Holling, C. S. 1959. Some characteristics of simple types of predation and parasitism. Canad. Ent. 91: 385-98.

Holmes, H. B. 1974a. Patterns of sperm competition in Nasonia vitripennis. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 16: 789-95.

Holmes, H. B. 1974b. Some effects of experience on reproductive behaviors in a parasitic wasp. Amer. Zool. 14: 1283.

Hopkins, C. R. & P. E. King. 1964. Egg resorption in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London 39: 101-7.

Horstmann, K. 1967. Untersuchungen zur Systematik einiger Phygadeuon-Arten aus der Verwandtschaft des P. vexator Thunberg und des P. fumator Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Opusc. Zool. 98: 1-22.

Horstmann, K. 1975. Zur Systematik einiger Arten der Gattung Phygadeuon Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Z. Arbeitsgem. Osterr. Ent. 26: 103-12.

Horstmann, K. 1986. Vier neue Phygadeuon-Arten (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Sonderabdruk Naricht. Bayer. Ent. 35(2): 33-9.

House, H. L. & J. S. Barlow. 1961. Effects of different diets of host, Agria affinis (Fall.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), on the development of a parasitoid, Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Canad. Ent. 93: 1041-44.

Houser, E. C. 1966. The biology and culture of Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of the face fly. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Missouri, Columbia. 58 p.

Howard, L. O. 1910a. On the habit of certain Chalcididae of feeding on puncture holes. J. Econ. Ent. 3: 257-60.

Howard, L. O. 1911a. The House Fly, Disease Carrier. An Account of its Dangerous Activities and Means of Destroying It. Fred A. Stokes Co., NY. 1st ed. 331 p.; 2nd ed. 312 p.

4

Howard, L. O. 1911b. House-flies. Fmrs' Bull. U.S. Dept. Agr. 459. 16 p.

Howard, L. O. 1911c. Flies as carriers of infection. Science 34: 24-5.

Howard, L. O. 1925. Parasitic Hymenoptera feeding by indirect suction. Ent. News 36: 129-33.

Howard, L. O. & R. H. Hutchison. 1917. The house-fly. Fmrs.' Bull. U.S. Dept. Agr. 851. 23 p.

Hoyer, H. 1981. Foreign exploration, collection and shipment of parasites and predators, p. 129-30. In: Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies. Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida. Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C. 212 p.

Hoyer, H. 1986. Survey of Europe and North Africa for parasitoids that attack filth flies, p. 35-8. In: R. S. Patterson & D. A. Rutz. (eds.), Biological Control of Muscoid Flies. Misc. Publ. Ent. Soc. Amer. 61.

Huger, A. M., S. W. Skinner & J. H. Werren. 1985. Bacterial infections associated with the son-killer trait in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia (= Mormoniella) vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J. Invertebr. Path. 46: 272-80.

Hughes, K. M. 1957. An annotated list and bibliography of insects reported to have virus diseases. Hilgardia 26: 597-629.

Hughes, R. D. 1973. Quantitative evaluation of natural enemy effectiveness. J. Appl. Ecol. 10: 321-51.

Hughes, R. D. & L. T. Woolcock. 1976. Aphaereta aotea sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an alysiine parasite of dung breeding flies. J. Austral. Ent. Soc., Brisbane 15: 191-6.

Hulley, P. E. 1983. A survey of the flies breeding in poultry manure, and their potential natural enemies. J. Ent. Soc. South Afr. 46: 37-47.

Hulley, P. E. 1986. Factors affecting numbers of Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: Muscidae) and some other flies breeding in poultry manure. J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr. 49: 19-27.

Hulley, P. E. & M. Pfleiderer. 1988. The Coleoptera in poultry manure-potential predators of house flies, Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera; Muscidae). J. Ent. Soc. So. Afr. 51: 17-29.

Hünten, M. 1971. Einfluss der Wirtsgrösse auf die Entwicklung von Aleochara curtula Goeze (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Zulassungsarb. für Lehramt an Gymnäsien, Univ. Würzburg.

Hunter, J. S., III. 1985. Biology and distribution of staphylinid beetles associated with bovine feces in south central Texas. Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A. & M. Univ., College Station, TX. 143 p.

Ichinose, T., S. Shibazaki & R. Ohta. 1980. Studies on the biology and mode of infestation on the tenebrionid beetle, Alphitobius diaperinus (Panzer), harmful to broiler-chicken houses. Japan. J. Appl. Ent. Zool. 24: 167-74.

Ienistea, M. A. & K. Fabritius. 1978. Emplenota albopila Muls. et Rey und Spalangia endius Walk., Parasiten von Eucellia tergina Zett. an der Schwarzmeerküste. Stud. Com. Muz. Brukenthal, St. Nat., Sibiu 22: 339-41.

Ienistea, M. A. & K. Fabritius. 1982. Die Aleocharen (Coleoptera, Staphylinoiden) Rumäniens, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der aus Fliegenpuparien gezüchteten Arten. Ent. Blätter, Krefeld 78: 20-30.

Illingworth, J. F. 1923a. Insect fauna of hen manure. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 5: 270-73.

Illingworth, J. F. 1923b. Insects attracted to carrion in Hawaii. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 5: 280-81.

Illingworth, J. F. 1927. Insects attracted to carrion in southern California. Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc. 6: 397-401.

Innes, F. A. 1925. The predacious habit of the larvae Muscidus scatophagoides Theo. (Culicidae). Ann. Trop. Med. Parasit. 19: 466. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-14: 31].

Ionescu, M. A. & A. Ursu. 1971. Contributi la cunoasterea Parazitilor la Dipterele sinantrope. Stud. Cerc. Biol., Ser. Zool. 23(6): 525-29.

Ito, Y. 1970. Preliminary surveys on macrochelid and some other mesostigmatid mites occurring in the experimentally deposited livestock dungs as predators of muscid flies. Japan. J. Sanit. Zool. 21: 205-08.

Ito, Y. 1971. Predation by manure-inhabiting mesostigmatids (Acarina: Mesostigmata) on some free-living nematodes. Appl. Ent. Zool. 6: 51-6.

Ito, Y. 1973. The effects of nematode feeding on the predatory efficiency for house fly eggs and reproduction rate of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). Japan. J. Sanit. Zool. 23: 209-13.

Ito, Y. 1977. Predatory activity of mesostigmatid mites (Acarina: Mesostigmata) for house fly eggs and larvae under feeding of nematodes. Japan. J. Sanit. Zool. 28: 167-73.

Ivlev, V. S. 1961. Experimental Ecology of the Feeding of Fishes. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, CT.

Jachmann, F. 1983. Over de Balts van Nasonia vitripennis. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Leiden, Netherlands.

Jacobi, E. F. 1939. Über Lebensweise, Auffinden des Wirtes und Regulierung der Individuenzahl von Mormoniella vitripennis Walker. Arch. Neerl. Zool. 3: 197-282.

Jakimavicius, A. 1976. Composition and zoogeographic distribution of braconids (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) of the Lithuanian SSR and their relations with hosts. 3. Ektoparasite and some endoparasite hosts. Trudy Akad. Nauk Litovskoj SSR, Ser. B., Vilnius 2(74): 87-97. [in Russian].

James, H. C. 1928. On the life-histories and economic status of certain cynipid parasites of dipterous larvae, with descriptions of some new larval forms. Ann. Appl. Biol. 15: 287-316.

James, H. G. 1951. Notes on a preliminary survey of natural control of biting flies (Diptera: Culicidae, Tabanidae) at Churchill, Manitoba. Rep. Quebec Soc. Protect. Plants 32/33: 119-21.

Jegen, G. 1924. Die protozoäre Parasitenfauna der Stechfliege Stomoxys calcitrans. Zool. Jb. (Anat.) 46: 389-472. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-13: 31].

Jellison, W. L. & C. B. Philip. 1933. Faunae of nests of the magpie and crow in western Montana. Canad. Ent. 65: 26-31.

Jenkins, C. F. H. 1948c. Biological control in Western Australia. J. Roy. Soc. West. Aust. 32: 1-17.

Jenkins, D. W. 1960. Pathogens, parasites, and predators of medically important insects, p. 6-20. In: Proc. Conf. on Biological control of insects of medical importance, Wash., D.C.. Amer. Inst. Biol. Sci.

Jenkins, D. W. 1964. Pathogens, parasites and predators of medically important arthropods, annotated list and bibliography. Bull. Wld. Hlth Org. (Suppl.) 30: 1-150.

Jepson, F. P. 1915. Report of the entomologist. A.R. Dept. Agr. Fiji, 1914. p. 17-27. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-4: 41].

Jepson, F. P. 1917. Insects injurious to man and animals. Dept. Agr. Fiji, Ann. Rept. 1916, Suva. p. 23-5.

Keiding, J. 1965. Observations on the behavior of the house fly in relation to its control. Riv. Parassitol. 16: 45-60.

Jing, T. 1992. Parasitism of larvae of the flesh fly, Bercaea haemorrhoidalis (Fallen) (Sarcophaga cruentata), by Cyrtogaster sp. (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Natural Enemies of Insects. Kuncholug Tiandi 6: 105. [in Chinese].

Johnson, C. W. 1929. The injury to nestling birds by the larvae of Protocalliphora. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 22: 131-35.

Johnston, T. H. 1920. The chalcid parasites of muscid flies in Australia. Sci. & Industry, Melbourne 2: 308-12.

Johnston, T. H. & M. J. Bancroft. 1920a. Notes on the chalcid parasites of muscoid flies in Australia. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 33(2): 19-30.

Johnston, T. H. & M. J. Bancroft. 1920b. The life history of Habronema in relation to Musca domestica and native flies in Queensland. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland, St. Lucia 32: 61-88.

Johnston, T. H. & O. W. Tiegs. 1921. On the biology and economic significance of the chalcid parasites of Australian sheep maggot-flies. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 33(6): 99-128. [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-10: 1].

Johnston, T. H. & O. W. Tiegs. 1922. What part can chalcid wasps play in controlling Australian sheep maggot flies? Queensland Agric. J. 17: 128-31.

Jones, C. M. 1962. Biological control of stable flies. Proc. 17th Ann. Mtg. North Cent. Bra., Ent. Soc. Amer 17: 145-6.

Jones, T. H. & B. D. Turner. 1987. The effect of host spatial distribution on patterns of parasitism by Nasonia vitripennis. Ent. Expt. & Appl. 44: 169-75.

Jussila, R. 1976. Contribution to the knowledge of the Norwegian fauna of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera parasitica). Norw. J. Ent., Oslo 23: 97-120.

Jussila, R. 1979. A revision of the genus Atractodes (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in the western palearctic region. Acta. ent. Fennica 34: 1-44.

Jussila, R. 1984. Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of Inari Lapland. Kevo Notes 7: Invertebrates of Inari Lapland, Finland. p. 83-99.

Kanour, W. W. 1985. Population monitoring and nonchemical control means for house flies and stable flies at confinement dairy facilities. Ph.D. Thesis, Pennsylvania St. Univ., University Park, PA.

Karunamoorthy, G. & R. Nagarajan. 1986. Occurrence of Dirhinus pachycerus Masi (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea), a parasitoid of Musca sp. Chairon 15: 28.

Kawooya, J. K. 1983. Electrophoretic discrimination of species of the Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) complex. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Illinois, Urbana. 113 p.

Keegan, H. L. 1944. On a new genus and species of parasitid mite. J. Parasit. 30: 181-3.

Keiding, J. 1965. Observations on the behavior of the housefly in relation to its control. Rev. Parasitol. 26: 45-60.

Keiding, J. 1974. Houseflies (Musca domestica), p. 5-30. In: R. Pal & R. H. Wharton (eds.), Control of Arthropods of Medical and Veterinary Importance. Plenum Press, NY./London.

Keiding, J. 1976. VII. The housefly-- Biology and control. WHO/VBC/76.650, Wld. Hlth. Org., Genéve. 82 p.

Keiding, J. 1986. VII. The housefly-- Biology and control. WHO/VBC/86.937, Wld. Hlth. Org., Genéve. 63 p.

Keiding, J. & S. ben Hannine. 1965. Fly control by selective spraying of woodwork in piggeries. Ann. Rept. 1964, Govt. Pest Infest. Lab., Lyngby, Denmark. 36 p.

Keiding, J. & S. ben Hannine. 1966. Strategic fly control. Ann. Rept. 1965, Govt Pest Infest. Lab., Lyngby, Denmark. 39 p. (also see Ann Repts thru' 1992).

Kerrich, G. J. & J. Quinlan. 1960. Studies on eucoiline Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Opuscula Ent., Lund 25: 179-96.

King, P. E. 1961. The passage of sperms to the spermatheca during mating in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Ent. Mon. Mag., Oxford 96: 136.

King, P. E. 1962. Structure of the micropyle in eggs of Nasonia vitripennis. Nature, London 195: 829-30.

King, P. E. 1962. The structure and action of the spermatheca in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., Ser. A., London 37: 73-5.

King, P. E. 1962. The muscular structure of the ovipositor and its mode of function in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., Ser. A., London 37: 121-28.

King, P. E. 1962. The effect of resorbing eggs upon the sex ratio of the offspring in Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae). J. Expt. Biol., Cambridge 39: 161-65.

King, P. E. 1963. The rate of resorption in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) deprived of hosts. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., Ser. A., London 38: 98-100.

King, P. E. & C. R. Hopkins. 1963. Length of life of the sexes in Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera; Pteromalidae) under conditions of starvation. J. Expt. Biol., Cambridge 40: 751-61.

King, P. E. & J. G. Richards. 1968. Oosorption in Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J. Zool. London 154: 495-516.

King, P. E. & J. Rafai. 1970. Host discrimination in a gregarious parasitoid Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J. Expt. Biol., Cambridge 53: 245-54.

King, P. E. & N. A. Ratcliffe. 1969. The structure and possible mode of functioning of the female reproductive system in Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J. Zool., London 157: 319-44.

King, P. E., R. R. Askew & C. Sanger. 1969. The detection of parasitised hosts by males of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and some possible implications. Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc., Ser. A., London 44(7-9): 85-90.

Kirk, A. A. & T. J. Ridsdill-Smith. 1986. Dung beetle distribution patterns in the Iberian peninsula. Entomophaga 31: 183-90.

Kirk, V. M. 1973. Biology of a ground beetle Harpalus pennsylvanica. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66: 513-17.

Kirknel, E. 1978. The influence of diazinon, trichlorate, carbofuran, and chlorfenvinphos on the parasitization capacity of the rove-beetle Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.). Tidsskr. Planteavl., Kobenhavn 82: 117-29.

Klimaszewski, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Mem. Ent. Soc. Canada. 129. 211 p.

Klimaszewski, J. & R. R. Blume. 1986. New host records for Aleochara verna Say and Aleochara notula Erichson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharini). Coleop. Bull. 40: 32.

Klimaszewski, J. & V. J. Cervenka. 1986. A revision of the genus Aleochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of America north of Mexico. Suppl. 3. New distribution data. Ent. News 97: 119-20.

Klock, J. W., D. Pimentel & R. L. Stenburg. 1953. A mechanical fly-tagging device. Science 118: 48-9.

Klunker, R. 1981. Untrsuchungen zur Biologie und Zucht des Puparien-Parasitoiden Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wirtseignung von kältekonservierten Puparien der Stubenfliege (Musca domestica L.) für eine Massenzucht. Abschlussarb. postgrad. Stud., Humboldt Univ., Bln., Berlin. 57 p.

Klunker, R. 1982. Die Wirtseignung kältekonservierter Musca domestica- Puparien für die Massenzucht der Schlupfwespe Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Angew. Parasitol., Jena 23: 32-42.

Klunker, R. & K. Fabritius. 1992. Bibliographie über Pupariumparasitoide synanthroper Fliegen. Beitr. Ent. 42(2).

Klunker, R. & I. Kiesow. 1980. Die Zucht der Stubenfliege Musca domestica (L.) in Kleinkäfigen. Angew. Parasitol. 21(2): 100-14.

Kochetova, N. I. & N. Azizov. 1972. A contribution to the biology of Spalangia nigroaenea (Hymenoptera, Spalangiidae), a parasite of synanthropic flies in the Samarkand area of the Uzbek SSR. Zool. Zhurnal., Moskva 51: 665-70. [in Russian].