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References to BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SYNANTHROPIC DIPTERA

(Contacts)

 

 

 [Additional references may be found at:  MELVYL Library]

 

 

Ables, J. R.  1977.  The occurrence of an imported parasite Tachinaephagus zealandicus Ashmead in South Carolina.  J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 12:  114-17.

 

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1974a.  Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with poultry manure.  Environ. Entomol. 3:  884-86.

 

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1974b.  Responses and competition of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different densities of house fly pupae.  Canad. Entomol. 106:  825-30.

 

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1976.  Seasonal abundance and activity of indigenous hymenopterous parasitoids attacking the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae).  Canad. Entomol. 108:  841-44.

 

Aizawa, K. & M. Ohba.  1985.  Screening of effective Bacillus thuringiensis isolates other than subspecies israelensis for mosquito and black fly control, p. 199-212.  In:  M. Laird & J. W. Miles (eds.), Integrated Mosquito Control Methodologies, Vol. 2.  Academic Press, London.  444 p.

 

Ali, A. & M. S. Mulla.  1983.  Evaluation of the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala, as a predator of chironomid midges and mosquitoes in experimental ponds.  Mosquito News 43:  46-49.

 

Alio, A. Y., A. Isaq & L. F. Delfini.  1985.  Field trial on the impact of Oreochromis spilurus spilurus on malaria transmission in northern Somalia.  WHO/VBC/85.910.  p. 18.

 

Amonkar, S. F.  1969.  Fresh water algae and their metabolites as a means of biological control of mosquitoes.  Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Riverside.  102 p.

 

Amonkar, S. V. & E. L. Reeves.  1970.  Mosquito control with active principle of garlic Allium sativum.  J. Econ. Entomol. 63:  1172-75.

 

Anderson, J. R. & E. C. Loomis.  1978.  Exotic dung beetles in pasture and range land ecosystems.  Calif. Agr. 32:  31-32.

 

Anderson, J. R. & J. O. Washburn.  1989a.  Mass production, field release, and persistence of Lambornella clarki, a parasite of Aedes sierrensis.  Annu. Rept. Univ. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Res.  p. 26-28.

 

Anderson, J. R. & J. O. Washburn.  1989b.  Field release, persistence, and impact of Lambornella clarki on natural populations of Aedes sierrensis, p. 53-55.  In:  L. N. Lewis & B. F. Eldridge (eds.), Univ. Calif. Mosquito Control Res. Annu. Rept. 80 p.

 

Anderson, J. R. & J. O. Washburn.  1990a.  Quantifying the impact of Lambornella clarki on larval population dynamics of Aedes sierrensis, p. 31-33.  In:  L. N. Lewis & B. F. Eldridge (eds.), Mosquito Control Research Univ. Calif., Div. Agr. & Nat. Res., Annu. Rept. 1990.  76 p.

 

Anderson, J. R. & J. O. Washburn.  1990b.  Life cycle and impact of the pathogen, Lambornella clarki (Ciliophora: Tetrahymenidae), on the western treehole mosquito, Aedes sierrensis (Diptera: Culicidae).  Abs. 2nd Internatl. Cong. Dipterol., Bratislava, Czech.  p. 6.

 

Anderson, J. R., J. O. Washburn & D. E. Egerter.  1986a.  Life cycle of the pathogen Lambornella clarki and its impact on Aedes sierrensis.  Univ. of Calif. Mosq. Control Res., Ann. Rept. 1986.  p. 20-21.

 

Anderson, J. R., J. O. Washburn & M. E. Gross.  1986b.  Mass production, storage and field release of Lambornella clarki, a pathogen of Aedes sierrensis.  Univ. of Calif. Mosq. Control Res., Ann. Rept. 1986.  p. 21-22.

 

Anderson, J. R., D. R. Mercer & J. O. Washburn.  1989.  The character of compounds that mediate Lambornella clarki parasitism of Aedes sierrensis larvae, p. 42-43.  In:  L. N. Lewis & B. F. Eldridge (eds.), Univ. Calif. Mosq. Control Res. Annu. Rept.  80 p.

 

Anderson, L. D. & A. A. Ingram.  1960.  Preliminary report on the chironomid midge project of the Los Angeles Flood Control District water spreading grounds of the Rio Hondo and San Gabriel River near Whittier, California.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 28:  99-102.

 

Andriescu, I. & K. Fabritius.  1981.  Eupteromalus terginae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), ein Puparienparasit von Fucellia tergina Zett. (Anthomyiidae) und Musca domestica L. (Muscidae).  Nachr. Bl. bayer. Ent., München 30:  73-8.

 

Anonymous.  1960.  Biological control of insects of medical importance.  A.I.B.S. Tech. Rept. Nov. 1960.  144 p.

 

Anonymous.  1972a.  Boer Beetle--down under.  South African Rev. 6(11):  6-9.

 

Anonymous.  1972b.  Preventing onchocerciasis through blackfly control.  Intern. Develop. Res. Cent. 0060.  11 p.

 

Anonymous.  1973.  Mosquito control, some perspectives for developing countries.  Nat. Acad. Sci. Rept.  62 p.

 

Anonymous.  1981.  Data sheet on Nothobranchius spp., N. guentheri and N. rachovi [as a predator of mosquito larvae] distribution, life cycle, biology, growth, reproduction, aging and behaviour.  World Health Organization, WHO/VBC/81.829; VBC/BCDS/81.16, Geneva.

 

Arditi, R.  1980.  A model for the functional response of parasitoids.  Revue suisse Zool., Genéve 87:  887-93.

 

Arditi, R.  1982.  Quelques difficultés de la détermination expérimentale de trois types de response foctionnelle des prédateurs et des parasitoides:  Conséquences sur la distribution des résponses.  Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges., Genf 55:  151-68.

 

Arditi, R.  1983.  A unified model of the functional response of predators and parasitoids.  J. Anim. Ecol., Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Boston, Melbourne 52:  293-303.

 

Ataur-Rahim, M.  1981.  Observations on Aphanius dispar (Ruppell 1828), a mosquito larvivorous fish in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.  Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 75:  359-62.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1969.  Macrochelidae (Acarina:  Mesostigmata) as biological control agents for synanthropic flies,p. 401-16.  In:  Proc. 2nd Internat. Cong. Acarol., England, 1967.  Akademiai Kiado, Budapest.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1981a.  Livestock integrated pest management (IPM):  principles and prospects, p. 31-40.  In:  F. W. Knapp. (ed.), Proc. Symp. "Systems Approach to Animal Health and Production," Mar. 31- Apr 2, 1981, Lexington, KY.  241 p.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1981b.  Use of predators and parasites in filth fly IPB programs in poultry houses, p. 26-43.  In:  Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies.  Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida.  Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C.  212 p.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1986.  Status and potential of biological control agents in livestock and poultry pest management systems, p. 1-9.  In:  R. S. Patterson & D. A. Rutz (eds.), Biological Control of Muscoid Flies.  Misc. Publ. 61, Entomol. Soc. Amer., College Park, Maryland.  174 p.

 

Axtell, R. C. & D. R. Guzman.  1987.  Encapsulation of the mosquito fungal pathogen Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) in calcium alginate.  J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc., 3:  450-59.

 

Axtell, R. C. & D. A. Rutz.  1986.  Role of parasites and predators as biological control agents in poultry production facilities.  Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61:  88-100.

 

Axtell, R. C., S. T. Jaronski & T. L. Merriam.  1982.  Efficacy of the mosquito fungal pathogen, Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales).  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Control Assoc. 50:  41-42.

 

Azab, A. K., M. S. F. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah.  1963.  Insect enemies of common flies in Giza region.  Bull. Entomol. Soc. d'Egypte 47:  277-86.

 

Back, C., J. Boisvert, J. O. Lacoursière & G. Charpentier.  1985.  High-dosage treatment of a Quebec stream with Bacillus thuringiensis serovar. israelensis:  efficacy against black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and impact on non-target insects.  Canad. Entomol. 117:  1523-34.

 

Bailey, C. H. & R. Gordon.  1977.  Observations on the occurrence and collection of mermithid nematodes from blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae).  Canad. J. Zool. 55:  148-54

 

Bailey, C. H., Shapiro, M. & Granados, R. R.  1975.  A cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus from the larval blackflies Cnephia mutata and Prosimulium mixtum (Diptera:  Simuliidae).  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 25:  273-274.

 

Baldry, D. A. T.  1969.  A note on the parasitisation of the pupa of Glossina palpalis (R.D.) by Anastatus Motsch. sp. (Hym. Eupelmidae).  Bull. Entomol. Res. 59:  529-31.

 

Baldwin, W. F., H. G. James & H. E. Welch.  1955.  A study of predators of mosquito larvae and pupae with a radio-active tracer.  Canad. Entomol. 87:  350-56.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-45:  95].

 

Bartlett, K. A.  1939.  Introduction into Puerto Rico of beneficial insects for control of the horn fly.  Puerto Rico Agr. Expt. Sta., USDA Agric. Notes No. 88:  6 p.

 

Barton, W. E., R. Noblet & D. C. Kurtak.  1991.  A simple technique for determining relative toxicities of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulations against larval blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae).  J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 7:  313-15.

 

Baumann, L., A. H. Broadwell & P. Baumann.  1988a.  Sequence analysis of the mosquitocidal toxin genes encoding 51.4- and 41.9-kilodalton proteins from Bacillus sphaericus 2362 and 2297.  J. Bacteriol. 170:  2045-50.

 

Baumann, L., A. H. Broadwell & P. Baumann.  1988b.  Sequence of the larvicidal toxin genes coding for two proteins from Bacillus sphaericus 2362.  Mosq. Contr. Res. Univ. Calif. 1987 Annu. Rept.  p. 28-29.

 

Baumann, P., M. A. Clark, L. Baumann & A. H. Broadwell.  1991.  Bacillus sphaericus as a mosquito pathogen:  properties of the organism and its toxins.  Microbiol. Rev. 55:  425-36.

 

Bay, E. C.  1965.  Instant fish!-- a new tool for mosquito control?  Pest Control Magazine 33:  14-16, 58.

 

Bay, E. C.  1966.  Adaptation studies with the Argentine pearl fish, Cynolebias bellottii, for its introduction into California.  Amer. Soc. Ichthy. & Herp. (Copeia) 4:  839-46. & WHO/EBL/66.68.  12 p.

 

Bay, E. C.  1969.  Fish predators.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 37:  15-16.

 

Bay, E. C.  1970.  Biological control of mosquitoes-- status and outlook.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 38:  46-47.

 

Bay, E. C.  1972.  A preliminary assessment of the potentialities of larvivorous fishes for Anopheles control in West Africa.  WHO/VBC/72.403.  10 p.

 

Bay, E. C.  1973.  Biological control and its applicability to biting flies, p. 65-70.  In:  A. Hudson (ed.), Proc. Symp.  on Biting Fly Control and Environmental Quality, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Ottawa.  DR 217, May 16-18, 1972.  Inf. Canad. 107 p.

 

Bay, E. C.  1974.  Predator-prey relationships among aquatic insects.  Annu. Rev. Entomol. 19:  441-53.

 

Bay, E. C. & L. D. Anderson.  1965.  Chironomid control by carp and goldfish.  Mosq. News 25:  310-16.

 

Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C. Chapman & E. F. Legner.  1976.  Biological control of medical and veterinary pests, pp. 457-79.  In:  Theory and Practice of Biological Control, C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.).  Academic Press, New York & London.  788 p.

 

Beard, R. L.  1964.  Parasites of muscoid flies.  Bull. World Health Org. 31:  491-93.

 

Becker, N.  1986.  Bacillus thuringiensis subspec. israelensis-- a microbial alternative in the control of mosquitoes and blackflies.  Mitt. Biol. Bundesanst. Land- Forstwirtsch., Berl. Dahlem 233:  69-82.  [in German].

 

Becker, N. & J. Margalit.  1993.  Use of Bacillus thuringiensis against mosquitoes and blackflies, p. 147-170.  In:  P. F. Entwisle, J. S. Cory & M. J. Bailey [eds.], Bacillus thuringiensis, an environmental biopesticide:  Theory and practice.  John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.

 

Beesley, C.  1974.  Simulated predation of single-prey (Culex peus) and alternative prey (Culex peus; Chironomus sp. 51) by Anax junius Drury (Odonata: Aeschnidae).  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 42:  73-76.

 

Bellini, R., B. A. Mullens & J. B. Jespersen.  1992.  Infectivity of two members of the Entomophthora muscae complex (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) for Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).  Entomophaga 37:  11-19.

 

Belluck, D. & J. Furnish.  1981.  Psephidonus brunneus (Say): a stream inhabiting staphylinid beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) associated with blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae).  Coleopt. Bull. 35:  204.

 

Bennett, F. D. & E. F. Legner.  1967.  Memorandum on the possibilities of biological control of the muscid flies by hymenopterous parasites.  World Health Org., V.B.C. Series, No. 67.22.  12 p.

 

Berti-Filho, E., V. A. Costa & T. L. Aageesen.  1989.  Occurrence of natural enemies of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in poultry areas of Bastos, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.  Rev. Agr. (Piracicaba) 64:  98.

 

Blanchot, P.  1992a.  Coptera merceti (Kieffer) (Hym.: Diapriidae) parasite inédit de Musca domestica L. (Dipt.: Muscidae).  Bull. Soc. Entomol. Mulhouse, Avr.-Juin 1992:  26-28.

 

Blanchot, P.  1992b.  Nouveau répertoire bibliographique et nouvelles données biologiques sur les parasites de Musca domestica L.  EPHE, Biol. Evol. Insectes 5:  1-54.

 

Blaustein, L.  1986.  Green sunfish:  friend or foe of rice field mosquitoes?  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc. 54:  90.

 

Blickle, R. L.  1961.  Parasites of the face fly, Musca autumnalis in New Hampshire.  J. Econ. Entomol. 54:  802.

 

Blume, R. R. & A. Aga.  1978.  Onthophagus gazella F.:  progress of experimental release in south Texas.  Folia Entomol. Mexicana 39/40:  190-91.

 

Blume, R. R., S. E. Kunz, B. F. Hogan & J. J. Matter.  1970.  Biological and ecological investigations of horn flies in central Texas:  influence of other insects in cattle manure.  J. Econ. Entomol. 63:  1121-23.

 

Bobrova, S. I.  1971.  Concerning the parasites and predators of blackflies.  Izvestiya Sibirskogo Otdeleniya Akademii Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Biolog. Nauk 10(2):  172-73.

 

Bonnet, D. D. & S. M. K. Hu.  1950.  The importation of South African mosquito cannibals to Hawaii.  Hawaii Health Mess. 11(3):  1-4.

 

Bonnet, D. D. & S. M. K. Hu.  1951.  The introduction of Toxorhynchites brevipalpis (Theobald) into the Territory of Hawaii.  Proc. Hawaii Entomol. Soc. 14:  237-42.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-41:  77].

 

Borland, S. M.  1971.  Biology and life history of Laccophilus terminalis Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae), an aquatic predator of mosquito larvae.  M. S. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., Riverside.  24 p.

 

Bornemissza, G. F.  1957.  An analysis of arthropod succession in carrion and the effect of its decomposition on the soil fauna.  Austral. Zool. 5:  1-12.

 

Bornemissza, G. F.  1960.  Could dung eating insects improve our pastures?  Austral. Inst. Agr. Sci. J. 26:  54-56.

 

Bornemissza, G. F.  1970.  Insectary studies on the control of dung breeding flies by the activity of the dung beetle Onthophagus gazella F. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae).  J. Australian Entomol. Soc. 9:  31-41.

 

Bornemissza, G. F.  1976.  The Australian dung beetle project 1965-1975.  Australian Meat Res. Comm. Rev. 30:  1-30.

 

Boucek, Z.  1963.  A taxonomic study in Spalangia Latr. (Hym., Chalcidoidea).  Acta Entomol. Musei Nation. Pragae, Praha 35:  429-512.

 

Bou…ek, Z. & T. C. Narendran.  1981.  Indian chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera) of the genus Dirhinus parasitic on synanthropic and other Diptera.  Syst. Ent., Oxford 6:  229-51.

 

Bradley, S. W., D. C. Booth & D. C. Sheppard.  1984.  Parasitism of the black soldier fly by Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) in poultry houses.  Environ. Entomol. 13:  451-4.

 

Breland, O. P.  1948.  Notes on some carnivorous mosquito larvae.  Entomol. News. 59:  156-57.

 

Breland, O. P.  1949.  The biology and the immature stages of the mosquito, Megarhinus septentrionalis Dyar and Knab.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 42:  38-47.

 

Briand, L. J. & H. E. Welch.  1963a.  Use of entomophilic nematodes for insect pest control.  Phytoprotection 44:  37-41.

 

Briand, L. J. & H. E. Welch.  1963b.  Use of rhabditoid nematode, DD 136, for control of mosquitoes.  Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ontario (1962) 93:  131.

 

Bridwell, J. C.  1919.  Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous parasites of muscoid Diptera with notes on their habits.  Proc. Hawaiian Entomol. Soc. 4:  166-79.

 

Bromley, S. W.  1945.  Insect enemies of the house fly, Musca domestica L.  J. New York. Entomol. Soc. 53:  145-52.

 

Brown, A. W. A.  1973.  Pest control strategies ten years hence:  Malaria.  Bull. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 19(4):  193-96.

 

Brown, B. J. & E. G. Platzer.  1977.  The effects of temperature on the infectivity of Romanomermis culicivorax  J. Nematol. 9:  166-72.

 

Brown, B. J. & E. G. Platzer.  1978a.  Salts and the infectivity of Romanomermis culicivorax.  J. Nematol. 10:  53-61.

 

Brown, B. J. & E. G. Platzer.  1978b.  Oxygen and the infectivity of Romanomermis culicivorax.  J. Nematol. 10:  110-13.

 

Brown, B. J., E. G. Platzer & D. S. Hughes.  1977.  Field trials with the mermithid nematode Romanomermis culicivorax in California.  Mosq. News 37:  603-08.

 

Brown-Westerdahl, B., R. K. Washino & E. G. Platzer.  1982.  Successful establishment and subsequent recycling of Romanomermis culicivorax (Mermithidae: Nematoda) in a California rice field following post parasite applications.  J. Med. Entomol. 19:  34-41.

 

Burgess, L. P., Jr. & C. W. Wingo.  1968.  The host and present status of Alysia ridibunda Say in Missouri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).  Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 70:  204-08.

 

Butler, J. F. & R. L. Escher.  1981.  Life cycle:  development times of various pupal parasites of house flies and horn flies in Florida, p. 80-9.  In:  Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies.  Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida.  Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C.  212 p.

 

Butler, J. F., R. L. Escher & J. A. Hogsette.  1981.  Natural parasite levels in house flies, stable flies, and horn flies in Florida, p. 61-79.  In:  Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies.  Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida.  Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C.  212 p.

 

Buxton, P. A.  1955.  The Natural History of Tsetse Flies.  Lewis, London (London Sch. Hyg. & Trop. Med., Mem. 10).  816 p.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-43:  165].

 

Cabrales, G., R. Figueroa, F. Uribe & C. I. Trochez.  1985.  Evaluación del efecto del parasitismo por Spalangia endius W. (Hym. Pteromalidae) sobre la dinámica de población de Musca domestica L. en galpones para aves (La Florida-Risaralda).  Acta Agronómica, Palmira 35:  93-105.

 

Campbell, T. G.  1938.  Recent investigations on the buffalo fly (Lyperosia exigua de Meijere) and its parasites in North Australia.  J. Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. Aust. 11:  77-82.

 

Case, T. J. & R. K. Washino.  1979.  Flatworm control of mosquito larvae in rice fields.  Science 206(4425):  1412-14.

 

Cech, J. J., Jr. & A. L. Linden.  1987.  Comparative larvivorous performances of mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and juvenile Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus, in experimental paddies.  J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 3:  35-41.

 

Cech, J. J., Jr., R. H. Piedrahita & C. Swanson.  1991.  Mosquitofish production manual, p. 35-36.  In:  L. N. Lewis & B. F. Eldridge (eds.), Mosquito Control Research Univ. Calif., Div. Agr. & Nat. Res., Annu. Rept. 1991.  68p. p.

 

Cech, J. J., Jr., R. G. Schwab, W. C. Coles & B. B. Bridges.  1992.  Mosquitofish reproduction: influence of photoperiod and nutrition.  Aquaculture 101:  361-69.

 

Chadee, D. D.  1985.  Toxorhynchites moctezuma, a potential control agent in Trinidad and Tobago, W.I.  J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 1:  376-78.

 

Chadee, D. D., S. F. Hubbard & P. S. Corbet.  1987.  Diel patterns of oviposition in the field of Toxorhynchites moctezuma (Diptera: Culicidae) in Trinidad, West Indies.  J. Med. Entomol. 24:  1-5.

 

Chapman, H. C.  1974.  Biological control of mosquito larvae.  Annu. Rev. Entomol. 19:  33-59.

 

Chapman, H. C., D. B. Woodard & J. J. Petersen.  1967.  Pathogens and parasites in Louisiana Culicidae and Chaoboridae.  Proc. New Jersey Mosq. Exterm. Assoc. 54:  54-60.

 

Chapman, H. C., T. B. Clark, J. J. Petersen & D. B. Woodard.  1969.  A two-year survey of pathogens and parasites of Culicidae, Chaoboridae, and Ceratopogonidae in Louisiana.  Proc. New Jersey Mosq. Exterm. Assoc. 56:  203-12.

 

Chapman, H. C., T. B. Clark & J. J. Petersen.  1970.  Protozoans, nematodes and viruses of anophelines.  Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 7:  134-39.

 

Chapman, H. C., J. J. Peterson & T. Fukuda.  1972.  Predators and pathogens for mosquito control.  Amer. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 21(5):  777-81.

 

Chidester, F. E.  1917.  Dytiscus as a destroyer of mosquito larvae.  Entomol. News 28:  454.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-6:  68].

 

Chilcott, C. N., B. H. Knowles, D. J. Ellar & F. A. Drobniewski.  1990.  Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis parasporal body, p. 45-65.  In:  H. de Barjac & D. Sutherlands (eds.), Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes and Blackflies; Biochemistry, Genetics, and Applications of Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus sphaericus.  Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick, NJ.  349 p.

 

Chodorowski, A.  1968.  Predator-prey relation between Mochlonyx culiformis and Aedes communis.  Pol. Arch. Hydrobiol. 15:  279-88.

 

Chowdhury, S. H. & M. A. Howlader.  1978.  Biology of Brachymeria podagria F. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), an endoparasite of the flesh fly Sarcophaga duz Thompson.  Bangladesh J. Zool. 6:  15-21.

 

Clark, T. B. & H. C. Chapman.  1969.  A polyhedrosis in Culex salinarius of Louisiana.  J. Invert. Pathol. 13:  312.

 

Clark, T. B. & T. Fukuda.  1967.  Predation of Culicoides cavaticus Wirth and Jones larvae on Aedes sierrensis (Ludlow).  Mosq. News 27:  424-25.

 

Clark, T. B. & T. Fukuda.  1971.  Field and laboratory observations of two viral diseases in Aedes sollicitans (Walker) in southwestern Louisiana.  Mosq. News 31:  193-99.

 

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Clark, T. B., W. R. Kellen, T. Fukuda & J. E. Lindegren.  1968.  Field and laboratory studies on the pathogenicity of the fungus Beauveria bassiana to three genera of mosquitoes.  J. Invert. Pathol. 11:  1-7.

 

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Jaronski, S., R. C. Axtell, S. M. Fagan & A. J. Domnas.  1983.  In vitro production of zoospores by the mosquito pathogen Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) on solid media.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 41:  305-09.

 

Jenkins, C. F. H.  1948.  Biological control in Western Australia.  J. Roy. Soc. West. Aust. 32:  1-17.

 

Jenkins, D. W.  1964.  Pathogens, parasites and predators of medically important arthropods: annotated list and bibliography.  Bull. Wld. Hlth Org. 30 (Suppl.):  1-150.

 

Johnston, T. H. & M. J. Bancroft.  1920.  Notes on the chalcid parasites of muscoid flies in Australia.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 33(2):  19-30.

 

Johnston, T. H. & O. W. Tiegs.  1921.  On the biology and economic significance of the chalcid parasites of Australian sheep maggot-flies.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 33(6):  99-128.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-10:  1].

 

Johnston, T. H. & O. W. Tiegs.  1922.  What part can chalcid wasps play in controlling Australian sheep maggot flies?  Queensland Agric. J. 17:  128-31.

 

Jones, C. M.  1967a.  Laboratory rearing and studies of Aleochara tristis Gravenhorst, a parasite-predator of the face fly.  Proc. North Cent. Br., Entomol. Soc. Amer. 21:  80.

 

Jones, C. M.  1967b.  Aleochara tristis, a natural enemy of face fly. I.  Introduction and laboratory rearing.  J. Econ. Entomol. 60:  816-17.

 

Jones, C. M.  1971.  Dissemination of Aleochara tristis, a face fly predator.  Proc. North Cent. Br., Entomol. Soc. Amer. 26:  107.

 

Jones, C. M. & J. M. Perdue.  1967.  Heterotylenchus autumnalis a parasite of the face fly.  J. Econ. Entomol. 60:  1393-95.

 

Kay, B. H., C. P. Cabral, A. C. Sleigh, M. D. Brown, Z. M. Ribeiro & A. W. Vasconcelos.  1992.  Laboratory evaluation of Brazilian Mesocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) for mosquito control.  J. Med. Entomol. 29:  599-602.

 

Kaya, H. K. & R. Gaugler.  1993.  Entomopathogenic nematodes.  Annu. Rev. Entomol. 38:  181-206.

 

Keiding, J.  1974.  Houseflies (Musca domestica), p. 5-30.  In:  R. Pal & R. H. Wharton (eds.), Control of Arthropods of Medical and Veterinary Importance.  Plenum Press, NY./London.

 

Keiding, J.  1986.  VII.  The housefly-- Biology and control.  WHO/VBC/86.937, Wld. Hlth. Org., Genéve.  63 p.

 

Keiding, J. & S. ben Hannine.  1966.  Strategic fly control.  Ann. Rept. 1965, Govt Pest Infest. Lab., Lyngby, Denmark.  39 p. (also see Ann Repts thru' 1992).

 

Kellen, W. R., T. B. Clark & J. E. Lindegren.  1963a.  A possible polyhedrosis in Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera: Culicidae).  J. Inverteb. Pathol. 5:  98-103.

 

Kellen, W. R., T. B. Clark & J. E. Lindegren.  1963b.  A new host record for Coelomomyces psorophorae Couch in California. (Blastocladiales: Coelomomycetaceae).  J. Insect Pathol. 5:  167-73.

 

Kellen, W. R., T. B. Clark, J. E. Lindegren & R. B. Sanders.  1966.  A cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae).  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 8:  390-94.

 

Kerwin, J.  1988.  Isolation of a new strain of Lagenidium giganteum and implications for control of floodwater and other rapidly developing mosquito species.  Proceedings and Papers of the Fifty-sixth Annual Conference of the Calif. Mosquito and Vector Control Association, Inc. p. 182-183.

 

Kerwin, J. L. & R. K. Washino.  1984.  Efficacy of Romanomermis culicivorax and Lagenidium giganteum for mosquito control:  strategies for use of biological control agents in rice fields of the Central Valley of California.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control Assoc. 52:  86-92.

 

Kerwin, J. L. & R. K. Washino.  1986a.  Ground and aerial application of the sexual and asexual stages of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) for mosquito control.  J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 2:  182-89.

 

Kerwin, J. L. & R. K. Washino.  1986b.  Oosporogenesis by Lagenidium giganteum: induction and maturation are regulated by calcium and calmodulin.  Canad. J. Microbiol. 32:  663-72.

 

Kerwin, J. L. & R. K. Washino.  1987a.  Ground and aerial application of the asexual stage of Lagenidium giganteum for control of mosquitoes associated with rice culture in the Central Valley of California.  J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 3:  59-64.

 

Kerwin, J. L. & R. K. Washino.  1987b.  Progress in the development of the fungus Lagenidium giganteum as a mosquito control agent.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc. 55:  43.

 

Kerwin, J. L., C. A. Simmons & R. K. Washino.  1986a.  Eicosanoid regulation of oosporogenesis by Lagenidium giganteum.  Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes & Medicine 23:  173-78.

 

Kerwin, J. L., C. A. Simmons and R. K. Washino.  1986b.  Oosporogenesis by Lagenidium giganteum in liquid culture.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 47:  258-70.

 

Kessler, K.  1983.  Million-dollar manure spreaders.  The Furrow 88:  28-29.

 

Kirk, A. A.  1992.  The effect of the dung pad fauna on the emergence of Musca tempestiva [Dipt.: Muscidae] from dung pads in southern France.  Entomophaga 37:  507-14.

 

Kirk, A. A. & T. J. Ridsdill-Smith.  1986.  Dung beetle distribution patterns in the Iberian peninsula.  Entomophaga 31:  183-90.

 

Kirk, A. A. & M. M. H. Wallace.  1990.  Seasonal variations in numbers and breeding patterns of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in southern France.  Entomophaga 35:  569-81.

 

Kligler, I. J.  1930.  The epidemiology and control of malaria in Palestine.  University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 240 p.

 

Klunker, R.  1981.  Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Zucht des Puparien-Parasitoiden Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Wirtseignung von kältekonservierten Puparien der Stubenfliege (Musca domestica L.) für eine Massenzucht.  Abschlussarb. postgrad. Stud., Humboldt Univ., Bln., Berlin.  57 p.

 

Klunker, R.  1982.  Die Wirtseignung kältekonservierter Musca domestica Puparien für die Massenzucht der Schlupfwespe Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Angew. Parasitol., Jena 23(1):  32-42.

Klunker, R. & K. Fabritius.  1992.  Bibliographie über Pupariumparasitoide synanthroper Fliegen.  Beitr. Entomol. 42(2):  331-429.

 

Klunker, R. & I. Kiesow.  1980.  Die Zucht der Stubenfliege Musca domestica (L.) in Kleinkäfigen.  Angew. Parasitol. 21(2):  100-14.

 

Knight, A. L.  1980.  Host range and temperature requirements of Culicinomyces clavisporus.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 41:  423-25.

 

Kogan, M. & E. F. Legner.  1970.  A biosystematic revision of the genus Muscidifurax  (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) with descriptions of four new species.  Canad. Entomol. 102:  1268-1290.

 

Koldenkova, L., A. I. Garcia, F. J. Garces & B. R. Gonzalez.  1988.  Predatory capacity of the fish Poecilia reticulata (Peters 1895) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poecilidae) in a natural habitat of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823.  Rev. Cubana Med. Trop. 40:  21-26.

 

Kondratieff, B. C. & J. R. Voshell, Jr.  1983.  A study of the black fly invertebrate predators in the New River below Bluestone Dam.  Report 2 Mar. 1983 to Nat. Mining Acad. Beckley, West Virginia, USA.  23 p.

 

Kramer, J. P. & D. C. Steinkraus.  1981.  Culture of Entomophthora muscae in vivo and its infectivity for six species of muscoid flies.  Mycopathologia 76:  130-43.

 

Kramer, V. L., R. Garcia & A. E. Colwell.  1987a.  A preliminary evaluation of the mosquitofish and the inland silverside as mosquito control agents in wild rice fields.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc. 55:  44.

 

Kramer, V. L., R. Garcia & A. E. Colwell.  1987b.  An evaluation of the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, as mosquito control agents in California wild rice fields.  J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 3:  626-32.

 

Kramer, V. L., R. Garcia & A. E. Colwell.  1988a.  An evaluation of Gambusia affinis and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as mosquito control agents in California wild rice fields.  J. Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc. 4:  470-78.

 

Kramer, V. L., R. Garcia & A. E. Colwell.  1988b.  Gambusia affinis and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis used jointly for mosquito control in wild rice.  Mosq. Contr. Res. Univ. Calif. 1987 Annu. Rept.  p. 18-20.

 

Kühlhorn, F.  1961.  Investigations on the importance of various representatives of the hydrofauna and -flora as natural limiting factors for Anopheles larvae.  Z. angew. Zool. 48:  129-61.  [in German with English summary].

 

Kuralova, M. & J. Olejní…ek.  1985.  Predaceous larvae of caddisflies (Trichoptera) as natural enemies of blackfly larvae (Diptera, Simuliidae) under conditions of South Bohemia.  Folia Parasitol. (Praha) 32:  375-76.

 

Lacey, L. A.  1990.  Persistence and formulation of Bacillus sphaericus, p. 284-94.  In:  H. de Barjac & D. J. Sutherland (eds.), Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes & Black Flies.  Rutgers Univ. Press, New Brunswick.  349 p.

 

Lacey, L. A. & M. S. Mulla.  1977.  Evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis as a biocide of blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae).  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 30:  46-49.

 

Lacey, L. A. & A. H. Undeen.  1984.  The effect of formulation, concentration, and application time on the efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) against black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae under natural conditions.  J. Econ. Entomol. 77:  412-18.

 

Lacey, L. A. & A. H. Undeen.  1986.  Microbial control of blackflies and mosquitoes.  Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31:  265-96.

 

Lacey, L. A., M. S. Mulla & H. T. Dulmage.  1978.  Some factors affecting the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner against blackflies.  Environ. Entomol. 7:  583-88.

 

Lacey, L. A., H. Escaffre, B. Philippon, A. Sékétéli & P. Guillet.  1982a.  Large river treatment with Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for the control of Simulium damnosum s. l. in the onchocerciasis control programme.  Tropenmed. Parasit. 33:  97-101.

 

Lacey, L. A., A. H. Undeen & M. M. Chance.  1982b.  Laboratory procedures for the bioassay and comparative efficacy evaluation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype 14) against black flies (Simuliidae).  Misc. Publ. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 12:  19-23.

 

Lacey, L. A., M. J. Urbina & C. M. Heitzman.  1984.  Sustained release formulations of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillus thuringiensis (H-14) for control of container breeding Culex quinquefasciatus.  Mosq. News 44:  26-32.

 

Lacey, L. A., J. Day & C. M. Heitzman.  1987.  Long-term effects of Bacillus sphaericus on Culex quinquefasciatus.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 49:  116-23.

 

Lacoursière, J. D. & G. Charpentier.  1988.  Laboratory study of the influence of water temperature and pH on Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis efficacy against black fly larvae (Diptera: Simulidae).  J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 4:  64-72.

 

Laing, J. E. & H. E. Welch.  1963.  A dolichopodid predacious on larvae of Culex restuans Theob.  Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ontario 93:  89-90.

 

Laird, M.  1967.  A coral island experiment.  A new approach to mosquito control.  WHO Chron. 21:  18-26.

 

Laird, M.  1971a.  Microbial control of insects of medical importance, p. 387-406.  In:  H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects and Mites.  Academic Press, London & New York.  861 p.

 

Laird, M.  1971b.  A bibliography on diseases and enemies of medically important arthropods 1963-67 with some earlier titles omitted from Jenkins' 1964 list.  Appendix 7, p. 751-90.  In:  H. D. Burges & N. W. Hussey (eds.), Microbial Control of Insects & Mites, Academic Press, London & New York.  861 p.

 

Laird, M.  1971c.  The biological control of vectors.  Science 171(3971):  590-92.

 

Laird, M.  1981.  Black Flies:  The Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control.  Academic Press, NY.  399 p.

 

Laird, M.  1986.  The role of biological vector control in integrated health protection, p. 305-24.  In:  J. M. Franz (ed.), Biological Plant and Health Protection.  Fortschr. Zool., Stuttgart/NY. 32.  341 p.

 

Lamborn, R. H.  1890.  Dragon Flies vs. Mosquitoes.  Can the Mosquito Pest be Mitigated?  Studies in the Life History of Irritating Insects, Their Natural Enemies, and Artificial Checks by Working Entomologists:  with an Introduction by R. H. Lamborn. D. Appleton Co., New York.  202 p.

Lamborn, W. A.  1920.  Some further notes on the tsetse flies of Nyasaland.  Bull. Entomol. Res. 11(2):  101-04.

 

Lamborn, W. A.  1925.  An attempt to control Glossina morsitans by means of Syntomosphyrum glossinae Waterston.  Bull. Entomol. Res. 15:  303-09.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-13:  49].

 

Lancaster, J. L., Jr.  1979.  Rearing parasitoids of housefly pupae.  Arkansas Farm Res., Fayetteville 28:  4.

 

Lane, C. J.  1992.  Toxorhynchites auranticauda sp. n., a new Indonesian mosquito and potential biocontrol agent.  Med. Vet. Entomol. 6:  301-05.

 

Lardeux, F., F. Riviere, Y. Séchan & B. H. Kay.  1992.  Release of Mesocyclops aspericornis (Copepoda) for control of larval Aedes polynesiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in land crab burrows on an atoll of French Polynesia.  J. Med. Entomol. 29:  571-76.

 

Laveissière, C.  1984.  The control of Glossina:  past, present and future.  Informations OCCGE, Paris 93:  71-84.  [in French].

 

Lazarus, W. F., D. A. Rutz, R. W. Miller & D. A. Brown.  1989.  Costs of existing and recommended manure management practices for house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) control on dairy farms.  J. Econ. Entomol. 82:  1145-51.

 

Lee, F. C.  1967.  Laboratory observations on certain mosquito predators.  Mosq. News. 27:  332-38.

 

Legner, E. F.  1965a.  Un complejo de los artrópodos que influyen en los estadios juveniles de Musca domestica L. en Puerto Rico.  Carib. J. Sci. 5(3-4):  109-15.

 

Legner, E. F.  1965b.  Natural and induced control of house flies with parasites in southern California.  The Calif. Golden Egg 4(6):  18.

 

Legner, E. F.  1966a.  Parasites of the house fly and other filth-breeding Diptera in southern California.  J. Econ. Entomol. 59(4):  999-1001.

 

Legner, E. F.  1967a.  Two exotic strains of Spalangia drosophilae merit consideration in biological control of Hippelates collusor (Diptera: Chloropidae).  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60:  458-62.

 

Legner, E. F.  1967b.  Behavior changes the reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, Muscidifurax raptor and Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at increasing fly host densities.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60:  819-26.

 

Legner, E. F.  1967c.  The status of Nasonia vitripennis as a natural parasite of the house fly, Musca domestica.  Canad. Entomol. 99:  308-09.

 

Legner, E. F.  1968.  Parasite activity related to ovipositional responses in Hippelates collusor.  J. Econ. Entomol. 61:  1160-63.

 

Legner, E. F.  1969.  Reproductive isolation and size variation in the Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders complex.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62:  382-85.

 

Legner, E. F.  1970a.  Contemporary considerations on the biological suppression of noxious brachycerous Diptera that breed in accumulated animal wastes.  Proc. 38th Ann. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc.:  88-9.

 

Legner, E. F.  1970b.  Advances in the ecology of Hippelates eye gnats in California indicate means for effective integrated control.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 38:  89-90.

 

Legner, E. F.  1971.  Some effects of the ambient arthropod complex on the density and potential parasitization of muscoid Diptera in poultry wastes.  J. Econ. Entomol. 64:  111-15.

 

Legner, E. F.  1972.  Observations on hybridization and heterosis in parasitoids of synanthropic flies.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 65:  254-63.

 

Legner, E. F.  1976.  Low storage temperature effects the reproductive potential of three parasites of Musca domestica.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 69:  435-41.

 

Legner, E. F. 1977a.  Response of Culex spp. larvae and their natural insect predators to two inoculation rates with Dugesia dorotocephala (Woodworth) in shallow ponds.  Mosq. News 37:  435-40.

 

Legner, E. F.  1977b.  Temperature, humidity and depth of habitat influencing host destruction and fecundity of muscoid fly parasites.  Entomophaga 22:  199-206.

 

Legner, E. F.  1978a.  Natural enemies imported in California for the biological control of face fly, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, and horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.).  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 46:  77-9.

 

Legner, E. F.  1978b.  Efforts to control Hydrilla verticillata Royle with herbivorous Tilapia zillii (Gervais) in Imperial County irrigation canals.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc. 46:  103-04.

 

Legner, E. F.  1978c.  Mass culture of Tilapia zillii (Cichlidae) in pond ecosystems.  Entomophaga 23:  51-56.

 

Legner, E. F. 1978d.  Part I:  Parasites and predators introduced against arthropod pests.  Diptera.  In:  Introduced Parasites and Predators of Arthropod Pests and Weeds:  a world review.  C. P. Clausen (ed.).  pp. 335-39; 346-55.  Agric. Handbk. No. 480, ARS, USDA, U. S. Govt. Printing Off., Wash., D.C.  545 p.

 

Legner, E. F.  1979a.  Advancements in the use of flatworms for biological mosquito control.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc. 47:  42-43.

 

Legner, E. F.  1979b.  Considerations in the management of Tilapia for biological aquatic weed control.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 47:  44-5.

 

Legner, E. F.  1981.  Improving commercial biological control of filth flies with parasites, p. 5-10.   In:  Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies.  Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida.  Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C.  212 p.

 

Legner, E. F.  1983a.  Requirements for appraisal of the true role of parasitic insects in the natural control of synanthropic Diptera.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 51:  97-8.

 

Legner, E. F.  1983b.  Imported cichlid behavior in California, pp. 8-13.  Proc. Intern. Symp. on Tilapia in Aquaculture, Nazareth, Israel, 8-13 May, 1983.  Tel Aviv Univ. Publ. p. 59-63.

 

Legner, E. F.  1986a.  Importation of exotic natural enemies.  pp. 19-30.  In:  J. M. Franz (ed.), "Biological Control of Plant Pests and of Vectors of Human and Animal Diseases."  Fortschritte der Zool. Bd. 32:  341 p.

 

Legner, E. F.  1986b.  The requirement for reassessment of interactions among dung beetles, symbovine flies and natural enemies, p. 120-131.  In:  Biological Control of Muscoid Flies (R. S. Patterson & D. A. Rutz. eds.).  Entomol. Soc. Amer. Misc. Publ. 61.  174 p.

 

Legner, E. F.  1986c.  Trapping efficiency of exophilous synanthropic Diptera increased through considerations of behavior.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vect. Contr. Assoc. 54:  160-62.

 

Legner, E. F.  1987a.  Inheritance of gregarious and solitary oviposition in Muscidifurax raptorellus  Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Canad. Entomol. 119:  791-808.

 

Legner, E. F.  1987b.  Some quantitative aspects of inheritance in breeding synanthropic fly parasitoids.  Bull. Soc. Vect. Ecol. 12:  528-33.

 

Legner, E. F.  1988a.  Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) females exhibit postmating oviposition behavior typical of the male genome.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81:  522-27.

 

Legner, E. F.  1988b.  Hybridization in principal parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera:  the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Hilgardia 56(4):  36 p.

 

Legner, E. F.  1989.  Fly parasitic wasp, Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) invigorated through insemination by males of different races.  Bull. Soc. Vect. Ecol. 14:  291-300.

 

Legner, E. F.  1991.  Formidable position of turbellarians as biological mosquito control agents.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc. 59:  82-5.

 

Legner, E. F.  1993.  Theory for quantitative inheritance of behavior in a protelean parasitoid, Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Eur. J. Entomol. 90:  11-21.

 

261.   Legner, E. F.  1995.  Biological control of Diptera of medical and veterinary importance.  J. Vector Ecology 20(1): 59-120.

 

267.   Legner, E. F.  2000.  Biological control of aquatic Diptera.  p. 847-870.  Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol. 1, Science  Herald, Budapest.  978 p.

 

Legner, E. F. & M. E. Badgley.  1982.  Improved parasites for filth fly control.  Calif. Agric. 36(9-10):  27.

 

Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay.  1970a.  Dynamics of Hippelates eye gnat breeding in the southwest.  Calif. Agric. 24(5):  1, 4-6.

 

Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay.  1970b.  The introduction of natural enemies in California for the biological control of noxious flies and gnats.  Proc. 37th Ann. Conf. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc., Inc.:  126-29.

 

Legner, E. F. & W. R. Bowen.  1973.  Influence of available poultry manure breeding habitat on emergence density of synanthropic flies (Diptera).  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 66:  533-38.

 

Legner, E. F. & H. W. Brydon.  1966.  Suppression of dung-inhabiting fly populations by pupal parasites. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 59:  638-51.

 

Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick.  1972.  Inundation with parasitic insects to control filth breeding flies in California.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Control. Assoc. 40:  129-30.

 

Legner, E. F. & E. J. Dietrick.  1974.  Effectiveness of supervised control practices in lowering population densities of synanthropic flies on poultry ranches.  Entomophaga 19:  467-78.

 

Legner, E. F. & T. W. Fisher.  1980.  Impact of Tilapia zillii (Gervais) on Potamogeton pectinatus L., Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens Jepson, and mosquito reproduction in lower Colorado desert irrigation canals.  Acta. Oecologica, Oecol. Appl., 1:  3-14.

 

Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling.  1967.  Host-feeding and oviposition on Musca domestica by Spalangia cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis, and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influences their longevity and fecundity.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60:  678-91.

 

Legner, E. F. & D. J. Greathead.  1969.  Parasitism of pupae in East African populations of Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62:  128-33.

 

Legner, E. F. & C. W. McCoy.  1966.  The housefly, Musca domestica Linnaeus, as an exotic species in the Western Hemisphere incites biological control studies.  Canad. Entomol. 98:  243-48.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved.  1972.  Predators investigated for the biological control of mosquitoes and midges at the University of California, Riverside.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 40:  109-11.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved.  1973a.  Influence of Tilapia mossambica (Peters), T. zillii (Gervais) (Cichlidae) and Mollienesia latipinna LeSueur (Poeciliidae) on pond populations of Culex mosquitoes and chironomid midges.  Mosq. News 33:  354-64.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved.  1973b.  Predation of mosquitoes and chironomid midges in ponds by Tilapia zillii (Gervais) and T. mossambica (Peters) (Teleosteii: Cichlidae).  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 41:  119-21.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved.  1973c.  Influence of Tilapia mossambica (Peters), T. zillii (Gervais) (Cichlidae) and Mollienesia latipinna LeSueur (Poeciliidae) on pond populations of Culex mosquitoes and chironomid midges.   Mosq. News 33:  354-64.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved.  1974a.  The native desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius Baird and Girard, a substitute for Gambusia in mosquito control?  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 42:  58-9.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. A. Medved.  1974b.  Laboratory and small-scale field experiments with planaria (Tricladida, Turbellaria) as biological mosquito control agents.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 42:  79-80.

 

Legner, E. F. & C. A. Murray.  1981.  Feeding rates and growth of the fish Tilapia zillii (Cichlidae) on Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton pectinatus and Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens, and interactions in irrigation canals of southeastern California.  Mosq. News 41:  241-50.

 

Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton.  1968a.  The biological method and integrated control of house and stable flies in California.  Calif. Agric. 22(6):  1-4.

 

Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton.  1968b.  Activity of parasites from Diptera:  Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, and species of Fannia, Muscina, and Ophyra II.  at sites in the Eastern Hemisphere and Pacific area.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 61:  1306-14.

 

Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton.  1969.  Migrations of Hippelates collusor larvae from moisture and trophic stimuli and their encounter by Trybliographa parasites.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 62:  136-41.

Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton.  1970.  Worldwide survey and comparison of adult predator and scavenger insect populations associated with domestic animal manure where livestock is artificially congregated.  Hilgardia 40(9):  225-66.

 

Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton.  1971.  Distribution and relative abundance of dipterous pupae and their parasitoids in accumulations of domestic animal manure in the southwestern United States.  Hilgardia 40(14):  505-35.

 

Legner, E. F. & G. S. Olton.  1975.  Filth fly sources in decaying melon fields in southern California's low deserts.  Calif. Agric. 29(12):  10-11.

 

Legner, E. F. & F. W. Pelsue, Jr.  1980.  Bioconversion:  Tilapia fish turn insects and weeds into edible protein.  Calif. Agric. 34(11-12):  13-14.

 

Legner, E. F. & F. W. Pelsue, Jr.  1983.  Contemporary appraisal of the population dynamics of introduced cichlid fish in south California.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 51:  38-39.

 

Legner, E. F. & J. H. Poorbaugh, Jr.  1972.  Biological control of vector and noxious synanthropic flies:  a review.  Calif. State Dept. Publ. Health Vector Views 19(11):  81-100.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. D. Sjogren.  1984.  Biological mosquito control furthered by advances in technology and research.  Mosq. News 44:  449-56.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. D. Sjogren.  1985.  Biological mosquito control:  broader recognition of past successes and future emphases.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 52:  102-07.

 

Legner, E. F. & S.-C. Tsai.  1978.  Increasing fission rate of the planarian mosquito predator, Dugesia dorotocephala, through biological filtration.  Entomophaga 23:  293-98.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin.  1990.  Rationale for the desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius, as a complement to Gambusia in mosquito control.  Calif. Mosq. Vect. Contr. Assoc., Inc. 57:  142-45.

 

Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin.  1991.  Influence of Onthophagus gazella on hornfly, Haematobia irritans density in irrigated pastures.  Entomophaga 36:  547-53.

 

Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay, H. W. Brydon & C. W. McCoy.  1966.  Research with parasites for biological control of house flies in southern California.  Calif. Agric. 20(4):  10-12.

 

Legner, E. F., E. C. Bay and E. B. White.  1967.  Activity of parasites from Diptera: Musca domestica, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia canicularis, and F. femoralis, at sites in the Western Hemisphere.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60:  462-68.

 

Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & J. T. Wiles.  1970.  Effects of low biuret urea on natural populations of Hippelates collusor (Townsend) and Leptoconops kerteszi (Kieffer).  Mosq. News 30:  634-40.

 

Legner, E. F., R. D. Sjogren & I. M. Hall.  1974a.  The biological control of medically important arthropods.  Crit. Rev. in Environ. Contr. 4(1):  85-113.

 

Legner, E. F., B. B. Sugerman, Hyo-sok Yu, and H. Lum.  1974b.  Biological and integrated control of the bush fly, Musca sorbens Wiedemann and other filth breeding Diptera in Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands.  Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 1:  1-14.

 

Legner, E. F., R. A. Medved & W. J. Hauser.  1975a.  Predation by the desert pupfish, Cyprinodon macularius on Culex mosquitoes and benthic chironomid midges.  Entomophaga 20:  23-30.

 

Legner, E. F., W. R. Bowen, W. F. Rooney, W. D. McKeen & G. W. Johnston.  1975b.  Integrated fly control on poultry ranches.  Calif. Agric. 29(5):  8-10.

 

Legner, E. F., G. S. Olton, R. E. Eastwood & E. J. Dietrick.  1975.  Seasonal density, distribution and interactions of predatory and scavenger arthropods in accumulating poultry wastes in coastal and interior southern California.  Entomophaga 20: 269-83.

 

162.   Legner, E. F., I. Moore & G. S. Olton.  1976.  Tabular keys and biological notes to common parasitoids and synanthropic Diptera breeding in accumulated animal wastes.  Entomol. News 87(3 & 4):  113-144.

 

Legner, E. F., T.-C. Tsai & R. A. Medved.  1976b.  Environmental stimulants to asexual reproduction in the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala.  Entomophaga 21:  415-23.

 

Legner, E. F. , R. A. Medved & F. Pelsue.  1980a.  Changes in chironomid breeding patterns in a paved river channel following adaptation of cichlids of the Tilapia mossambica-hornorum complex.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 73:  293-99.

 

Legner, E. F., D. J. Greathead & I. Moore.  1980b.  Population density fluctuations of predatory and scavenger arthropods in accumulating bovine excrement of three age classes in equatorial East Africa.  Bull. Soc. Vect. Ecol. 5:  23-44.

 

Legner, E. F., D. J. Greathead & I. Moore.  1981.  Equatorial East African predatory and scavenger arthropods in bovine excrement.  Environ. Entomol. 10:  620-25.

 

Legner, E. F., W. D. McKeen & R. W. Warkentin.  1990.  Inoculation of three pteromalid wasp species (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) increases parasitism and mortality of Musca domestica L. pupae in poultry manure.  Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 15(2):  149-155.

 

Lenhoff, H. M.  1978.  The hydra as a biological mosquito control agent.  Mosq. Contr. Res. Univ. Calif. Annu. Rept.  p. 58-61.

 

Lenhoff, M. H. & R. D. Brown.  1970.  Mass culture of hydra:  improved method and application to other invertebrates.  Lab. Anim. 4:  139-54.

 

Levy, R. & T. W. Miller, Jr.  1978a.  Tolerance of the planarian Dugesia dorotocephala to high concentrations of pesticides and growth regulators.  Entomophaga 23:  31-34.

 

Levy, R. & T. W. Miller, Jr.  1978b.  Effect of chloride concentration of some mosquito habitats of southwest Florida on the planarian Dugesia dorotocephala.  Proc. Fla. Anti-Mosq. Assoc. 49:  20-22.

 

Levy, R., B. C. Hertlein, J. J. Peterson, D. W. Doggett & T. W. Miller, Jr.  1979.  Aerial application of Romanomermis culicivorax (Mermithidae: Nematoda) to control Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in southwest Florida.  Mosq. News 39:  20-25.

 

Lindquist, A. W.  1933.  Amounts of dung buried and soil excavated by certain Coprini (Scarabaeidae).  J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 6:  109-23.

 

Lindquist, A. W.  1936.  Parasites of horn fly and other flies breeding in dung.  J. Econ. Entomol. 29:  1154-58.  [Rev. Appl. Entomol. B-25:  84].

 

Lindquist, A. W.  1940.  The introduction of an indigenous blowfly parasite, Alysia ridibunda Say, into Uvalde County, Texas.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 33:  103-12.

 

Lindquist, A. W.  1943.  Ants as predators of Cochliomyia americana C. & P.  J. Econ. Entomol. 35:  850-52.

 

Lloyd, L.  1987.  An alternative to insect control by "mosquitofish" Gambusia affinis, pp. 156-63.  In:  Proc. 4th Symposium Arbovirus Research in Australia 4:  156-163, 1986, T. D. St. George, B. H. Kay & J. Blok (eds.).  Q.I.M.R., Brisbane.

 

Lloyd, L. W., B. Johnson & P. H. Rawson.  1927.  Experiments in the control of the tsetse-fly (Report of the tsetse investigations in N. Nigeria).  Bull. Entomol. Res. 17:  423-55.

 

Loomis, E. C.  1981.  30 years-- an education in filth fly control, p. 160-67.  In:  Patterson, R. S., P. G. Koehler, P. B. Morgan & R. L. Harris (eds.), Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies.  Proc. Workshop, Feb. 4-5, 1981, Gainesville, Florida.  Sci. Educ. Admin., USDA, Washington, D.C.  212 p.

 

Loomis, E. C., W. R. Bowen & L. L. Dunning.  1968.  Hymenopterous parasitism in the little house fly.  J. Econ. Entomol. 61:  1105-07.

 

Lord, J. C. & D. W. Roberts.  1985a.  Effects of salinity, pH, organic solutes, anaerobic conditions and the presence of other microbes on production and survival of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) zoospores.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 45:  331-38.

 

Lord, J. C. & D. W. Roberts.  1985b.  Solute effects on Lagenidium giganteum: zoospore motility and bioassay reproductibility.  J. Invertebr. pathol. 46:  160-65.

 

Lord, J. C. & D. W. Roberts.  1986.  The effects of culture medium quality and host passage on zoosporogenesis, oosporogenesis and infectivity of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales).  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 48:  355-61.

 

Lounibos, L. P., N. Nishimura & L. B. Dewald.  1992.  Predation of Mansonia (Diptera: Culicidae) by native mosquito fish in southern Florida.  J. Med. Entomol. 29:  236-41.

 

Luczak, E. J.  1970.  Behaviour of spider populations in the presence of mosquitoes.  Ecol. Polska 18:  625-34.

 

Luczak, E. J. & E. Davrowska-Prot.  1966.  Experimental studies on the reduction of the abundance of mosquitoes by spiders.  I.  Intensity of spider predation on mosquitoes.  Acad. Pol. Sci. Ser. Sci. Biol. Bull. 14:  315-20.

 

Luczak, E. J.  1968.  An attempt at quantitative estimation of some factors on the predator-prey system, on the example of spiders and mosquitoes.  Ekol. Polska, Warszawa B-14(4):  343, 434.

 

Ludwig, M., M. Beck, M. Zgomba and N. Becker.  1994.  The impact of water quality on the persistence of Bacillus sphaericus  Bull. Soc. Vect. Ecol. 19:  43-48.

 

Luh, P. L.  1980.  The present status of biological control of mosquitoes in China.  Abstr. 16th Internatl. Cong. Entomol. 1980:  317.

 

Luh, P. L.  1981.  The present status of biocontrol of mosquitoes in China, pp. 54-77.  In:  M. Laird (ed.), Biocontrol of Medical and Veterinary Pests.  Praeger Publ., New York.  235 p.

 

Lüthy, P. & D. Studer.  1986.  Control of simuliid blackflies and mosquitoes with Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. MIRCEN J. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2:  92-99.

 

Macqueen, A.  1975.  Dung as an insect food source:  dung beetles as competitors of other coprophagous fauna and as targets for predators.  J. Appl. Ecol. 12:  821-27.

 

Madelin, M. F.  1966.  Fungal parasites of insects.  Annu. Rev. Entomol. 11:  423-48.

 

Madelin, M. F.  1968.  Studies on the infection by Coelomomyces indicus of Anopheles gambiae.  J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 84:  115-24.

 

Magnarelli, L. A. & J. F. Anderson.  1980.  Parasitism of Tabanus nigrovittatus immatures (Diptera: Tabanidae) by Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae).  J. Med. Entomol. 17:  481-82.

 

Mandeville, J. D., B. A. Mullens & J. A. Meyer.  1988.  Rearing and host age suitability of Fannia canicularis (L.) for parasitization by Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan & Legner.  Canad. Entomol. 120:  153-59.

 

Mann, J. A., R. E. Stinner & R. C. Axtell.  1990a.  Parasitism of house fly (Musca domestica) pupae by four species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera):  effects of host-parasitoid densities and host distribution.  Med. Vet. Entomol. 4:  235-43.

 

Mann, J. A., R. C. Axtell & R. E. Stinner.  1990b.  Temperature-dependent development and parasitism rates of four species of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera) parasitoids of house fly (Musca domestica) pupae.  Med. Vet. Entomol. 4:  245-53.

 

Markham, R. H.  1981.  Parasitoids of tsetse fly.