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BIOLOGICAL-INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
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INSECT IDENTIFICATION 1
The Biological and
Integrated Control of Pest Arthropods, Weeds and Vertebrates
Emphasizing the Classical Approach by the
Use of Imported Natural Enemies
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GENERAL
INDEX Database List Major Categories Biological Control Topics [Other Web
Sites]
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BEHAVIOR, ONTOGENY & REPRODUCTION |
PRINCIPAL
NATURAL ENEMY GROUPS |
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GLOSSARY
(Scientific Terms) Beneficial Species: Photos/Drawings SCROLL DOWN
REFERENCES: POOLED
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIES GENERAL REFERENCES MAP Links
Introductory Biological Pest Control ENTOMOLOGY (An Introduction)
E. F. Legner Vita List of Indexes
PREFACE Biological control as a discipline had
its significant beginnings in the 19th Century and continues to grow in scope
and achievements. The importance of
natural enemy components in effective agroecosystem
management is increasingly recognized.
This first organization of a textbook focuses on natural enemies to
provide a sound foundation for those pursuing biological and integrated
control professionally, particularly with emphasis on those aspects which
have yielded the greatest number of control successes: the acquisition, culture, establishment
and manipulation of new natural enemy species: Classical Biological Control. Text accompanying each section is
paraphrased from cited references. No
claim is made that the bibliography associated with each subject is complete;
citations are not meant to include all
material published on a particular subject;
however, cross-referencing should access over 95% of the known
literature. Early literature is also
stressed because the natural enemies and techniques developed offer viable
pest control strategies in the wake of the eclipse on biological control
wrought by several decades of broad-spectrum pesticide deployment and
diversion to genetic manipulation.
Research on host or prey organisms that is pertinent to a fuller
understanding of natural enemies and their culture is included. Scientific names are temporarily those
used in cited references, while an up-dating effort is still in
progress. A great quantity of
material has been compiled in this work, and its wide scope should meet the
needs of the most exacting practitioner.
The categories selected for this First Edition may be changed in
succeeding editions, and pertinent references for each category will be
included as they are found in the literature. Ideas expressed herein that are attributable to cited
authors shall be noted as such and duly credited to them. The General Index will serve to
link the various categories. For additions and corrections to this database please
contact the following for consideration e.legner@ucr.edu The
following researchers, who through the middle of the 20th Century untiringly
inspired the goals of biological control and made significant original
contributions to a solid foundation for this field, are gratefully
acknowledged: Professors D. P.
Annecke, A. P. Arthur, R. R. Askew, B. R. Bartlett, E. C. Bay, B. P. Beirne,
F. D. Bennett, E. Biliotti, F. S. Bodenheimer, D. W. Clancy, C. P. Clausen, H. Compere, H. C. Coppel, P. H. DeBach, E.
I. Dietrich, R. L. Doutt, S. E. Flanders, C. A. Fleschner, J. M. Franz, M. A.
Ghani, A. T. Gukasjan, D. J. Greathead, K. S. Hagen, I. M. Hall, D. E. Hardy,
I. Harpaz, P. Harris, A. M. Heimpel, I. Hodek, J. K. Holloway, C. P. Hoyt, C.
B. Huffaker, B. Hurpin, A. Jimenez-Jimenez, E. F. Knipling, A. Krieg, M.
Laird, J. J. Lipa, E. Mellini, P. S. Messenger, M. H. Muma, E. S. Narayanan,
A. J. Nicholson, P. Nuorteva, D. Pimentel, V. P. Rao, E. Rivnay, D. Rosen, G.
Salt, E. I. Schlinger, F. Silvestri, F. J. Simmonds, H. W. Simmonds, W. A.
Smirnoff, H. S. Smith, M. E. Solomon, P. Starý, E. A. Steinhaus, E. Swirski,
M. D. Tadi…, M. Tanaka, T. H.
C. Taylor, N. A. Telenga, C. Vago, R. van den Bosch, G. Viggiani, G. A.
Viktorov, D. F. Waterhouse, J. Weiser, S. K. Wiackowski, F. Wilson, G. N.
Wolcott, B. J. Wood, J. B. Woolley,
and K. Yasumatsu. Further acknowledgment and appreciation are made to
Professors M. T. AliNiazee, L. Andrés, R. C. Axtell, R. Baronowski, T. S.
Bellows, D. M. Benjamin, J. S.
Bernal, L. E. Caltagirone, K. P. Carl, D. A. Chant, L. D. Charlet, A. Chiri,
B. A. Croft, D. L. Davis, J. J. Drea, A. T. Drooz, A. El-Heneidy, L. E.
Ehler, F. M. Eskafi, K. Fabritius, B. A. Federici, T. W. Fisher, D. C. Force,
B. Freier, S. Frommer, R. Garcia, C. Geden, D. Gerling, U. Gerson, R. D.
Goeden, D. Gonzalez, G. Gordh, S. Gothilf, R. R. Granados, P. D. Greany, S. A. Hassan, B. A. Hawkins, D. H. Headrick, Y. Hirose, M. M. T. Hokkanen, M.
A. Hoy, J. Huber, C. M. Ignoffo, M. W. Johnson, H. Kajita, R. Klunker, M.
Kogan, J. Lasalle, L. M. LeBeck, S. Long, R. F. Luck, J. C. Luhman, M. Mackauer, C. W. McCoy, J.
A. McMurtry, J. W. Mertins, P. B. Morgan, B. A. Mullens, Y. Murakami, S.
Nagarkatti, E. R. Oatman, R. S. Patterson, W.
Peet, J. J. Petersen, R. L. Pienkowski, D. Pimentel, G. O. Poinar, Jr., H.
Pschorn-Walcher, H. T. Reynolds, R. Ripa.-Schaul, D. A. Rutz, R. B. Ryan, M.
F. Schuster, H. H. Shorey, A. Silveira-Guido, R. Stouthamer, S. N. Thompson,
P. H. Timberlake, T. Tretiakova, S.
V. Trjapitzin, M. Tyndale-Biscoe, T.
R. Unruh, J. C. van Lenteren, R. L., Ridgway, J., Ridsdill-Smith, S. B.
Vinson, M. Wallace, L. Walters, R. M. Weseloh, G. Wylie, M. Wysoki, H. S. Yu,
and G. Zinna for their encouragement and counsel. The assistance of the Beneficial Insectary & Rincon-Vitova
Insectary was also vital in the acquisition and storage of data. In particular, the encouragement of
Everett Dietrick, Sinthya Penn and Glenn Scriven
was crucial. Max Badgley created many
of the photographic illustrations. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SPECIFICATIONS
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