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INTRODUCTION
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<ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL PEST
CONTROL>
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This section is for classroom use and teaching
purposes only. It does not constitute a formal
publication, and should not be reviewed,
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INTRODUCTION This set of outlines and
readings is compiled specifically for Entomology 129 and 129-L,
"Introduction to Biological Control" presented at the University of
California, Riverside. The course consists of 2 lecture and 2 laboratory
units per week. The majority of
students will probably find some extra instructor contact time necessary;
therefore, the laboratory is accessible for additional work at night and at
certain times during the day and on weekends. The instructors are available
for consultation during unscheduled hours.
A number of oral quizzes interspersed with written examinations will
be given, and a specific date will be designated by which time the quiz must
have been taken. The oral quizzes will also serve as discussion sections. A
knowledge of the lecture, assigned textbook materials and laboratory
experiments is expected. It is
believed that the material presented offers a sound overview for those
students who will pursue additional advanced courses in biological control.
Emphasis is on those aspects which have yielded the greatest number of
control successes: the acquisition, culture, establishment and manipulation
of new natural enemy species. The numerous citations are meant to cover only
that material which will familiarize the student with the subject matter in a
broad sense. Appreciation is expressed to Professors P. H. DeBach, C. A.
Fleschner and S. E. Flanders (all deceased) who have taught this course in
previous years and who have made valuable contributions. Further
acknowledgment is made to Professors C. P. Clausen, B. R. Bartlett, T. S.
Bellows, T. W. Fisher, R. D. Goeden, D. Gonzalez, G. Gordh, I. M. Hall, R. F.
Luck, J. A. McMurtry, E. R. Oatman, S. N. Thompson and P. H. Timberlake of
the Department of Entomology for their counsel. Appreciation is also
expressed to the numerous students who have contributed to the acquisition of
information presented while enrolled in this course in previous years. INTRODUCTION
TO BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL Course Outline Section 1 <ENT129.1> Introduction and Scope of Biological
Control Economics, Important
Terms, References Section 2 <BC-4.htm > National and International
Organizations Active in Biological Control International
Institute of Biological Control , L'Organisation Internationale de Lutte
Biologique, United States Department of
Agriculture, Individual Countries,
References Section 3 <ENT129.3> History of Biological Control Insect Predation,
Insect Parasitoidism , Biological Control in the 18th Century, Biological
Control in the Early 19th Century, Biological Control in the
Late 19th Century
Biological Control in the 20th Century, References Section 4 <ENT129.4> Concepts in Population Ecology
Important to Biological Control Early Period,
Contemporary Period, References Section 5 <ENT129.5> Biological Characteristics of
Arthropophagous Arthropods Groups of
Parasitoids, Hyperparasitism, Autoparasitism, Indirect Hyperparasitism,
Facultative Hyperparasitism, Multiple Parasitism, The Imago or Adult
Parasitoid
Mating, Ovigenesis, Host-feeding, Ovisorption, References Section 6 <ENT129.6> Ontogeny, Sex Determination,
Parthenogenesis, Host Selection, Polygenes Ontogeny, Sex
Determination and Parthenogenesis, Host Selection, Polygenes and Extranuclear
Inheritance, References Section 7 <ENT129.7> Foreign Exploration For Beneficial
Organisms Guidelines in Foreign
Exploration, Procedures in Planning and Preparation For Explorations,
Recognition of Promising Natural Enemies Abroad, Good
Collection Sites
Precautions, References Section 8 <ENT129.8> Quarantine Procedures During
Importation History in the United
States, Quarantine Policy at the University of California, Quarantine
Procedures, References Section 9 <ENT129.9> Colonization, Recovery & Evaluation
of Natural Enemies Colonization, Direct
Field Releases of Imported Organisms, Ecological Factors Influencing Success
or Failure, Release Numbers, Redistribution,
Recovery. Prediction of
Success, Evaluation, References Section 10 <ENT129.10> Manipulation of Natural Enemies and the
Environment. Justification,
Reasons for Manipulation, Methods Employed,
Special Details, References Section 11 <ENT129.11> Experimental Design & Sampling Importance,
Approaches, Methods, Sampling Routine, Techniques For Evaluation, Methods For
Detecting Predation/Parasitism, References Section 12 <ENT129.12> Systematics & Biological Control
History, Importance
of Taxonomy to Biological Control, Natural Enemy Identification, Biological
Control Contributions to Taxonomy, Sources of
Taxonomic Expertise References Section 13 <ENT129.13> Analysis of Successes in Biological
Control. Island Theory,
Multiple Versus "The Best" Species, Clausen's 3-Host Generation/
3-Year Rule, Single Larval Parasitoid Importations, Single Pupal Parasitoid Generalizations, Pest Groups, Natural
Enemy Groups, References Section 14 <ENT129.14> Economic Gains From Biological Control
Cost Effectiveness,
Biological Control From Naturally Occurring Organisms, Estimation of the
Benefits and Costs of Classical Biological Control, References
Section 15 <BC-38.htm > Losses and Numbers of
Weeds, Concepts and Techniques Unique to Biological Weed Control, Emphasis on
Phytophagous Insects For Biological Weed
Control Other Natural
Enemies, Current Research Areas, Characteristics of Effective Phytophagous
Arthropods, Population Regulation Mechanisms
References Section 16 <BC-37.htm > Biological Control of Arthropods of
Medical & Veterinary Importance Overview, Mosquitoes,
Synanthropic Diptera, Snails, References Section 17 <BC-50.htm > Types of Diseases, Practical Usage, References Section 18 <ENT129.18> Integration of Other Pest Control
Methods. Need For, Integrated
Pest Management (IPM), Frequently Used Terms, Pest-Upset Versus Pest
Resurgence, Drawbacks of Chemical Control
Selective Pesticides, Factors Determining Physical Selectivity,
References Section 19 <BC-6.htm > Trends & Future Possibilities
Complexities,
Stimulation to Theories in Population Dynamics and Ecology, Future of
Classical Biological Control, Future of Integrated Control
Future of Insect Pathology, Future of Biological Weed Control, Future
of Biological Control of Medically Important Pests,
References |