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                      COLONIZATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES (References)

                                                                                                  (e.legner@ucr.edu)

 

     REFERENCES ( Culture of Hosts For Natural Enemies, Culture of Natural Enemies and Colonization of Natural Enemies, respectively):

 

                 [Additional references may be found at  MELVYL Library ]

 

Allen, H. W. & M. H. Brunson. 1947. Control of Nosema disease of potato tuberworm, a host used in the mass production of Macrocentrus ancylivorus. Science 105: 394.

Amis, A. A. & J. W. Snot. 1985. Conotrachelus nenuphar, pp. 227-235. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

Ankersmit, G. W. 1985. Adoxophyes orana, pp. 165-175. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Argyriou, L. C. 1981. Establishment of the imported parasite Prospaltella perniciosi [Hym.: Aphelinidae] on Quadraspidiotus perniciosus [Hom.: Diaspididae] in Greece. Entomophaga 28: 125-30.

Ashby, M. D., P. Singh & G. K. Clare. 1985. Cydia pomonella, pp. 237-248. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Aspi, J.  2000.  Inbreeding and outbreeding depression in male courtship song characters in Drosophila Montana.  Heredity 84:  273-82.

Bailey, D. L. & J. A. Seawright. 1984. Improved techniques for mass rearing Anopheles albimanus, pp. 200-205. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Barbosa, P., J. A. Saunders & M. Waldvogel. 1982. Plant-mediated variation in herbivore suitability and parasitoid fitness. In: Proc. 5th Int. Sym. Insect-Plant Relationships, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 1-4 March, 1982: 63-71.

Barrows, E. M. & M. E. Hooker. 1981. Parasitization of the Mexican bean beetle by Pediobius foveolatus in urban vegetable gardens. Environ. Ent. 10: 782-86.

Bartlett, A. C. 1984. Genetic changes during insect domestication, pp. 2-8. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt Printing Office.

Bartlett, A. C. 1985. Guidelines for genetic diversity in laboratory colony establishment and maintenance, pp. 7-17. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

Bartlett, A. C. & W. W. Wolf. 1985. Pectinophora gossypiella, pp. 415-430. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Baumhover, A. H. 1985. Manduca sexta, pp. 387-400. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

 

1963  Bay, E. C. & E. F. Legner.  1963.  Quality control in the production of Hippelates collusor (Tsnd.) for use in the search and rearing of   

           their natural enemies.  Proc. New Jersey Mosquito Exterm. Comm. 1963.  403-410

 

Beach, R. M. & J. W. Todd. 1986. Foliage consumption and larval development of parasitized and unparasitized soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens [Lep.: Noctuidae], reared on a resistant soybean genotype and effects on an associated parasitoid, Copidosoma truncatellum [Hym.: Encyrtidae]. Entomophaga 31: 237-42.

Beirne, B. P. 1975. Biological control attempts by introductions against pest insects in the field in Canada. Canad. Ent. 107: 225-36.

Belloncik, S., C. Lavallée & I. Quevillon. 1985. Euxoa scandens and Euxoa messoria, pp. 293-99. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Bellows, T. S., Jr. & T. W. Fisher, (eds) 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.  1046 p.

Bennett, F. D. 1966. Current status of citrus blackfly and introduced parasites in Barbados. Agr. Soc. Trinidad Tobago Jour. 66: 35-6.

Bennett, F. D. & L. W. van Wherlin. 1966. Occurrence of the citrus black fly in Barbados. Agr. Soc. Trinidad Tobago Jour. 66: 31-4.

Bezark, L. G. 1989. Suppliers of beneficial organisms in North America. Calif. Dept. Food Agr., Biological Control Services Program, 3288 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832. 12 p.

Biemont, C. & M. Bouletreau.  1980.  Hybridization and inbreeding effects on genome coadaptation in a haplo-diploid Hymenoptera:  Cothonaspis boulardi (Eucoilidae).  Experientia 36:  45-47.

Blenk, R. G., R. J. Gouger, T. S. Gallo, L. K. Jordan & E. Howell. 1985. Agrotis ipsilon, pp. 177-187. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Boller, E. F. 1985. Rhagoletis cerasi and Ceratitis capitata, pp. 135-144. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Bouse, L. F., J. B. Carlton & R. K. Morrison. 1981. Aerial application of insect egg parasites. Trans. ASAE 14: 1093-98.

Bouse, L. F., J. B. Carlton, S. L. Jones, R. K. Morrison & J. R. Ables. 1980. Broadcast aerial release of an egg parasite for lepidopterous insect control. Trans. ASAE 23: 1359-63, 1368.

Brinton, F. E., M. D. Proverbs & B. E. Carty. 1969. Artificial diets for mass production of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L>) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Canad. Ent. 101: 577-84.

Brooks, W. M. 1974. Protozoan infections, pp. 237-300. In: G. E. Cantwell (ed.), Insect diseases, Vol. I. Marcel Dekker, New York.

Brower, J. H. 1983. Eggs of stored-product Lepidoptera as hosts for Trichogramma evanescens [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae]. Entomophaga 28: 355-62.

Brown, H. E. 1984. Mass production of screwworm flies, Cochliomyia hominivorax, pp. 193-199. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Bucher, G. E. & P. Harris. 1961. Food-plant spectrum and elimination of disease of cinnabar moth larvae, Hypocrita jacobaeae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae). Canad. Ent. 93: 931-36.

Bush, G. L., R. W. Neck & G. B. Kitto. 1976. Screwworm eradication: inadvertent selection of non-competitive ecotypes during mass Rearing. Science 193: 491-93.

Campbell, M. M. 1975. Establishing Aphytis melinus in citrus orchards by a new simple method. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 41: 42-53.

Campbell, M. M. 1976. Colonization of Aphytis melinus DeBach [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae] in Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) [Homoptera: Coccidae] on citrus in South Australia. Bull. Ent. Res. 65: 659-68.

Chambers, D. L. & T. R. Ashley. 1984. Putting the control in quality control in insect rearing, pp. 256-260. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Chambers, R. J. 1956. Preliminary experiments on the potential of hoverflies [Dipt.: Syrphidae] for the control of aphids under glass. Entomophaga 31: 197-204.

Chen, X.  1993.  Comparison of inbreeding and outbreeding in hermaphroditic Arianta arbustorum (L.) (land snail).  Heredity 71:  456-61.

Chianese, R. 1985. Cotesia melanoscelus, pp. 395-400. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

1982  Chiri, A. A. & E. F. Legner.  1982.  Host-searching kairomones alter behavior of Chelonus sp. nr. curvimaculatus, a hymenopterous

           parasite of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders).  Environ. Entomol. 11(2):  452-455.

 

1986    Chiri, A. A. & E. F. Legner.  1986.  Response of three Chelonus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) species to kairomones in scales of six

           Lepidoptera.  Canad. Entomol. 118(4):  329-333.

Clair, D. J., D. L. Dahlsten & E. R. Hart. 1987. Rearing Tetrastichus gallerucae [Hymenoptera: Eulophidae] for biological control of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola. Entomophaga 32: 457-61.

Clausen, C. P. 1940 [reprinted 1972]. Entomophagous Insects. Hafner, New York. 688 p.

Clausen, C. P. [ed.]. 1977. Introduced parasites and predators of arthropod pests and weeds: a world review. U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Handbook No. 480: 551 p.

Collins, A. M. 1984. Artificial selection of desired characteristics in insects, pp. 9-19. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.) Advances and Challenges in insect rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

HCook, J. M.  1993.  Experimental tests of sex determination in Goniozus nephantidis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae).  Heredity 71: 130-37.

Cossentine, J. E. & L. C. Lewis. 1986. Studies on Bonnetia comta [Dipt.: Tachinidae] parasitizing Agrotis ipsilon [Lep.: Noctuidae] larvae. Entomophaga 31: 323-30.

Coulson, J. R., A. Carrell & D. L. Vincent. 1988. Releases of beneficial organisms in the United States and territories - 1981. U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Publ. No. 1464. 324 pp.

Coulson, T., S. Albon, J. Slate & J. Pemberton.  1999.  Microsatellite loci reveal sex-dependent responses to inbreeding in red deer calves.  Evolution 56:  1951-60.

Croft, B. A. & J. A. McMurtry. 1972. Minimum releases of Typhlodromus occidentalis to control Tetranychus mcdanieli on apple. J. Econ. Ent. 65: 188-91.

Cross, T. F.  2000.  Genetic implications of translocations and stocking of fish species, with particular reference to Western Australia.  Aquacultural Res. 31:  83-94.

DeBach, P. [ed.]. 1964. Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Chapman & Hall, London. 844 p.

DeBach, P. & K. S. Hagen. 1964. Manipulation of entomophagous species, pp. 429-458. In: P. DeBach (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, London.

DeMeester, L.  1993.  Inbreeding and outbreeding depression in Daphnia.  Oecologia 96:  80-84.

Dickerson, W. A., J. D. Hoffman, E. G. King, N. C. Leppla & T. M. O'Dell. 1979. Arthropod species in culture in the United States and other countries. Ent. Soc. Amer.,College Park, MD. 93 p.

Dobzhansky, T.  1948.  Genetics of natural populations.  XVIII.  Experiments on chromosomes of Drosophila pseudoobscura from different geographical regions.  Genetics 33:  588-602.

Drea, J. J., Jr. & R. M. Hendrickson, Jr. 1986. Analysis of a successful classical biological control project: the alfalfa blotch leafminer (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the northeastern United States. Environ. Ent. 15: 448-55.

Dreistadt, S. , K. S. Hagen & D. L. Dahlsten. 1986. Predation by Iridomyrmex humilis [Hym.: Formicidae] on eggs of Chrysoperia carnea [Neu.: Chrysopidae] released for inundative control of Illinoia liriodendri [Hom.: Aphididae] infesting Liriodendron tulipifera. Entomophaga 31: 297-400.

Drooz, A. T. & M. L. Weems. 1982. Cooling eggs of Eutrapela clemataria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) to -10°C forestalls decline in parasite production with Ooencyrtus ennomophagus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Canad. Ent. 114: 1195-96.

Drummond, F. A., R. L. James, R. A. Casagrande & H. Faubert. 1984. Development and survival of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a predator of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environ. Ent. 13: 1383-86.

Ekbom, B. S. 1977. Development of a biological control program for greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) using its parasite Encarsia formosa (Gahan) in Sweden. Z. angew. Ent. 84: 145-54.

1974  Eskafi, F. M. & E. F. Legner.  1974.  Parthenogenetic reproduction in Hexacola sp. near websteri, a parasite of Hippelates eye gnats. 

           Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 67(5):  767-768.

Etzel, L. K. 1983. Phthorimaea operculella, pp. 431-442. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

1999   Etzel, L. K. & E. F. Legner.  1999.  Culture and Colonization.  In:  T. W. Fisher & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds.), Chapter 15, p. 125-197,

           Handbook of Biological Control:  Principles and Applications.  Academic Press, San Diego, CA  1046 p.

Etzel, L. K., S. O. Levinson & L. A. Andres. 1981. Elimination of Nosema in Galeruca rufa, a potential biological control agent for field bindweed. Environ. Ent. 10: 143-46.

Fabre, J. P. & J. M. Rabasse. 1987. Introduction dans le sud-est de la France d'un parasite: Pauesia cedrobii [Hym.: Aphidiidae] du puceron: Cedroblum laportei [Hom.: Lachnidae] du cedre de l'atlas: Cedrus atlantica. Entomophaga 32: 127-41.

Fedde, V. H., G. F. Fedde & A. T. Drooz. 1982. Factitious hosts in insect parasitoid rearings. Entomophaga 27: 379-88.

Finney, G. L. & T. W. Fisher. 1964. Culture of entomophagous insects and their hosts, pp. 328-55. In: P. DeBAch (ed.), Biological Control of Insect Pests and Weeds. Chapman & Hall, London.

Finney, G. L., S. E. Flanders & H. S. Smith. 1947. Mass culture of Macrocentrus ancylivorus and its host, the potato tuber moth. Hilgardia 17: 437-83.

Fisher, T. W. & T. S. Bellows, Jr. (eds) 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA

Fisher, W. R. 1984. The insectary manager, pp. 295-299. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Flanders, R. V. 1984. Comparison of bean varieties currently being used to culture the Mexican bean beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Environ. Ent. 13: 995-99.

Forbes, A. R., B. D. Frazer & C. K. Chan. 1985. Aphids, pp. 353-359. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

Force, D. C.  1967.  Genetics in the colonization of natural enemies for biological control.  Annals Ent. Soc. Amer. 60:  722-29.

Frick, K. E. & R. F. Wilson. 1982. Some factors influencing the fecundity and flight potential of Bactra verutana. Environ. Ent. 11: 181-88.

Friend, W. G. & R. J. Tanner. 1985. Culiseta inornata. pp 35-40. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Friese, D. D., B. Mengevand & J. S. Yaninek. 1987. Culture maintenance and mass production of exotic phytoseiids. Symposium XI of the International Conference on Tropical Entomology: Africa-wide Biological Control Programme of Cassava Pests. Insect Sci. Applic. 8: 875-78.

Furuhashi, K. & M. Nishino. 1983. Biological control of arrowhead scale, Unaspis yanonensis by parasitic wasps introduced from the People's Republic of China. Entomophaga 28: 277-86.

Galford, J. R. 1985. Enaphalodes rufulus, pp. 255-264. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Galichet, P. F., M. Riany & D. Agounke. 1985. Bioecology of Lydella thompsoni Hertig, [Dip.: Tachinidae] within the Rhone delta in southern France. Entomophaga 30: 315-28.

Gantt, C. W., E. G. King & D. F. Martin. 1976. New machines for use in a biological insect control program. Tarns. ASAE 19: 242-43.

Gardiner, B. O. C. 1985a. Schistocerca gregaria, pp. 465-468. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

Gardiner, B. O. C. 1985b. Mamestra brassicae, pp. 381-385. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Gardiner, B. O. C. 1985c. Pieris brassicae, pp. 453-457. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Gerling, D. 1966. Biological studies on Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 59: 142-43.

Glass, E. H. & W. L. Roelofs. 1985. Argyrotaenia velutinana, pp. 197-205. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Godfray, H. C. J. 1985. Mass rearing the tachinid fly Argyrophylax basifulva, a parasitoid of the greater coconut spike moth [Tirathaba spp.] [Lep.: Pyralidae]. Entomophaga 30: 211-15.

Goodenough, J. L. 1984. Materials handling in insect rearing, pp. 77-86. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Goodenough, J. L., D. D. Wilson & C. J. Whitten. 1978. Visual sensitivity of four strains of screwworm flies. Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 71: 9-12.

Goodwin, R. H. 1954. Recognition and diagnosis of diseases in insectaries and the effects of disease agents on insect biology, pp. 96-129. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.) Advances and Challenges in Insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Gordh, G. & B. A. Hawkins.  1981.  Goniozus emigratus (Rohwer), a primary external parasite of Paramyelois transitella (Walker), and comments on bethylids attacking Lepidoptera (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 54:  787-803.

Gordh, G. 7 L. Moczar.  1990.  A catalog of the world Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Aculeata).  Mem. Amer. Ent. Inst. 46:  364 p.

Gordh, G., J. B. Woolley & R. A. Medved.  1983.  Biological studies on Goniozus legneri Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) a primary external parasite of the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella and pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, gGelechiidae).  Contrib. Amer Ent. Inst. 20:  433-68.

Gould, H. W., W. J. Parr, H. C. Woodville & S. P. Simmonds. 1975. Biological control of glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) on cucumbers. Entomophaga 20: 285-92.

Grant, J. F. & M. Shepard. 1985. Influence of three soybean genotypes on development of Voria ruralis (Diptera: Tachinidae) and on foliage consumption by its host, the soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Fla. Entomol. 68: 672-77.

Grant, J. F. & M. Shepard. 1987. Development of Brachymeria ovata (Say) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) in freezer-stored pupae of lepidopteran species. Environ. Ent. 16: 1207-10.

Greany, P. D., G. E. Allen, J. C. Webb, J. L. Sharp & D. L. Chambers. 1977. Stress-induced septicemia as an impediment to laboratory rearing of the fruit fly parasitoid Biosteres (Opius) longicaudatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and the Caribbean fruit fly Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 29: 153-61.

Green, R. F., G. Gordh & B. A. Hawkins.  1982.  Precise sex ratios in highly inbred parasitic wasps. Amer. Naturalist 120:  653-65.

Greenberg, B. & J. George. 1985. Calliphora vicina, Phormia regina and Phaenicia cuprina, pp. 25-33. In: P. Singh & F. R. Moore (eds. Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol II. Elsevier, New York.

Greenblatt, J. A. & P. Barbosa. 1981. Effect of host's diet on two pupal parasitoids of the gypsy moth Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) and Coccygominus turionellae (L.). J. Appl. Aecol. 18: 1-10.

Grisdale, D. G. 1984. A laboratory method for mass rearing the eastern spruce budworm, Choristonerur fumiferana, pp. 223-23.. In: E. G. King & N. C. Leppla (eds.), Advances and Challenges in insect Rearing. U. S. Govt. Printing Office.

Grisdale, D. G. 1985a. Lambdina fiscellaria, pp. 345=-53. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol II. Elsevier, New York.

Grisdale, D. G. 1985b. Malacosoma disstria, pp. 369-379. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Gross, H. R., Jr. 1988. Effect of temperature, relative humidity and free water on the number and normalcy of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) emerging from eggs of Heliothis zea (Boddie). Environ. Ent. 17: 470-75.

Gross, H. R., Jr., W. J. Lewis & D. A. Nordlund. 1975. Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: III. Simulation of Trichogramma achaeae, T. pretiosum, and Microplitis croceipes with host-seeking stimuli at time of release to improve their efficacy. J. Chem. Ecol. 1: 431-38.

Gross, H. R., Jr., W. J. Lewis & D. A. Nordland. 1981. Trichogramma pretiosum: Effect of prerelease parasitization experience on retention in release areas and efficiency. Environ. Ent. 10: 554-56.

Gross, H. R., Jr., W. J. Lewis, M. Beevers & D. A. Nordlund. 1984. Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): Effects of augmented densities and distributions of Heliothis zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) host eggs and kairomones on field performance. Environ. Ent. 13: 981-85.

Guthrie, W. D., J. C. Robbins & J. L. Jarvis. 1985. Ostrinia nubilalis, pp. 407-413. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Guy, R. H., N. C. Leppla, J. R. Rye, C. W. Green, S. L. Barrette & K. A. Hollien. 1985. Trichoplusia ni, pp. 487-494. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Halfhill, J. E. & P. E. Featherston. 1973. Inundative releases of Aphidius smithi against Acyrthosiphon pisum. Environ. Ent. 2: 469-72.

Hamilton, W. D.  1967.  Extraordinary sex ratios.  Science 156:  477-88.

Hansen, L. S. 1988. Control of Thrips tabaci [Thysanoptera: Thripidae] on glasshouse cucumber using large introductions of predatory mites Amblyseius barkeri [Acarina: Phytoseiidae]. Entomophaga 33: 33-42.

Harcourt, D. G., J. C. Guppy & F. Meloche. 1988. Population dynamics of the alfalfa blotch leafminer, Agromyza frontella (Diptera: Agromyzidae), in Eastern Ontario: Impact of the exotic parasite Dacnusa dryas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Environ. Ent. 17: 337-43.

Harris, E. J. & R. Y. Okamoto. 1983. Description and evaluation of a simple method for the collection of the parasite Biosteres oophilus [Hym.: Braconidae]. Entomophaga 28: 241-43.

Harrison, W. W., E. G. King & J. D. Ouzts. 1985. Development of Trichogramma exiguum and T. pretiosum at five temperature regimes. Environ. Ent. 14: 118-21.

Hartley, G. G., C. W. Gantt, E. G. King & D. F. Martin. 1977. Equipment for mass rearing of the greater wax moth and the parasite Lixophaga diatraeae. U. S. Agric. Res. Serv. (Rep.) ARS-Ser. 164. 4 p.

Hartley, G. G., E. G. King, F. D. Brewer & C. W. Gantt. 1982. Rearing of the Heliothis sterile hybrid with a multicellular larval rearing container and pupal harvesting. J. Econ. Ent. 75: 7-10.

Harwallkar, M. R., H. D. Rananavare & G. W. Rahaikar. 1987. Development of Trichogramma brasiliensis [Hym.: Trichogrammatidae] on eggs of radiation sterilized females of potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella [Lep.: Gelechiidae]. Entomophaga 32: 159-62.

Haug, T., H. R. Herren, D. J. Nadel & J. B. Akinwumi. 1987. Technologies for the mass-rearing of cassava mealybugs, cassava green mites and their natural enemies. Symposium XI of the Intern. Conf. on Tropical Entomology: Africa-wide Biological Control Programme of Cassava Pests. Insect Sci. Applic. 8: 879-81.

Heather, N. W. & R. J. Corcoran. 1985. Dacus tryoni, pp. 41-48. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. II. Elsevier, New York.

Hedderwick, M. P., M. El Agoze & G. Periquey.  1988.  Enzymatic polymorphism, inbreeding and occurrence of diploid males in Diadromus pulchellus.  Le Colleques de l INRA 48:  109-110.

Henry, J. E. 1985. Melanoplus spp., pp. 451-464. In: P. Singh & R. F. Moore (eds.), Handbook of Insect Rearing, Vol. I. Elsevier, New York.

Herren, H. R. 1987. A review of objectives and achievements. Symposium XI of the International Conf. on Tropical Entomology: Africa-wide Biological Control Programme of Cassave Pests. Insect Sci. Applic. 8: 837-40.

Herren, H. R., R. J. Bird & D. J. Nadel. 1987. Technology for automated aerial release of natural enemies of the cassave mealybug and cassava green mite. Symposium XI of the International Conf. on Tropical Entomology: Africa-wide Biological Control Programma of Cassave Pests. Insect Sci. Applic. 8: 883-85

Hodek, I. 1973. Biology of coccinellidae. Academia, Prague, Czechoslovakia. 292 p.

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Hoffmann, R. W. & C. E. Kennett. 1985. Effects of winter temperatures on the sex ratios of Aphytis melinus [Hym.: Aphelinidae] in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Entomophaga 30: 125-32.

Hain, Chi & W. M. Getz. 1988. Mass rearing and harvesting based on an age-stage, two-sex life table: A potato tuberworm (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) case study. Environ. Ent. 17: 18-25.

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Krishnamoorthy, A. & S. P. Singh. 1987. Biological control of citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri with an introduced parasite, Leptomastix dactylopii in India. Entomophaga 32: 143-48.

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1966  Legner, E. F.  1966.  Competition among larvae of Hippelates collusor (Diptera: Chloropidae) as a natural control factor.  J. Econ

       .  Entomol. 59(6):  1315-1321.

 

1967  Legner, E. F.  1967.  Behavior changes the reproduction of Spalangia cameroni, S. endius, Muscidifurax raptor, and Nasonia  vitripennis 

          (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at increasing fly host densities.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(4):  819-826.Legner, E. F.  1972. 

           Observations on hybridization and heterosis in parasitoids of synanthropic flies.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer 65:  254-63.

 

1979a  Legner, E. F.  1979.  Prolonged culture and inbreeding effects on reproductive rates of two pteromalid parasites of muscoid flies.  Ann.

           Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1):  114-118.

 

1979b  Legner, E. F.  1979.  Reproduction of Spalangia endius, Muscidifurax raptor and M. zaraptor on fresh vs. refrigerated fly hosts.  Ann. 

            Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(1):  155-157.

 

1979c  Legner, E. F.  1979.  Emergence patterns and dispersal in Chelonus spp. near curvimaculatus and Pristomerus hawaiiensis, parasitic on

           Pectinophora gossypiella.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 72(5):  681-686.

 

1983  Legner, E. F.  1983.  Patterns of field diapause in the navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) and three imported parasites.  Ann.

           Entomol. Soc. Amer. 76(3):  503-506

 

1985  Legner, E. F.  1985.  Natural and induced sex ratio changes in populations of thelytokous Muscidifurax uniraptor

           (Hymenoptera:  Pteromalidae).  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 78(3):  398-402.

 

1986a  Legner, E. F.  1986.  Breeding superior parasitoids of Diptera using a novel extranuclear inheritance mechanism.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. &

           Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 44:  156-159.

 

1986b  Legner, E. F.  1986.  Importation of exotic natural enemies.  In:  pp. 19-30, "Biological Control of Plant Pests and of Vectors of Human

            and Animal  Diseases."  Fortschritte der Zool. Bd. 32:  341 pp.

 

1987a  Legner, E. F.  1987.  Transfer of thelytoky to arrhenotokous Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). 

           Canad. Entomol. 119(3):  265-271

 

1987b   Legner, E. F.  1987.  Pattern of thelytoky acquisition in Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Bull. Soc.

           Vector Ecol. 12(2):  517-527

 

1987c  Legner, E. F.  1987.  Inheritance of gregarious and solitary oviposition in Muscidifurax raptorellus Kogan & Legner (Hymenoptera:

           Pteromalidae).  Canad. Entomol. 119(9):  791-808.

 

1987c  Legner, E. F.  1987.  Further insights into extranuclear influences on behavior elicited by males in the genus Muscidifurax

           (Hymenoptera:  Pteromalidae).  Proc. Calif. Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 55:  127-130.

.

1988a   Legner, E. F.  1988.  Muscidifurax raptorellus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) females exhibit postmating oviposition behavior typical of

           the male genome.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81(3):  522-527.

 

1988b  Legner, E. F.  1988.  Quantitation of heterotic behavior in parasitic Hymenoptera.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 81(4):  657-681.

 

1988c  Legner, E. F.  1988.  Hybridization in principal parasitoids of synanthropic Diptera:  the genus Muscidifurax (Hymenoptera:

           Pteromalidae).  Hilgardia 56(4):  36 pp.

 

1989  Legner, E. F.  1989.  Wary genes and accretive inheritance in Hymenoptera.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 82(3):  245-249.

 

1964   Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay.  1964.  Natural exposure of Hippelates eye gnats to field parasitization and the discovery of one pupal and two

           larval parasites.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 57(6):  767-769.

 

1965  Legner, E. F. & E. C. Bay.  1965.  Culture of Hippelates pusio (Diptera: Chloropidae) in the West Indies for natural enemy exploration and

          some notes on behavior and distribution.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 58(4):  436-440.

 

1967  Legner, E. F. & D. Gerling.  1967.  Host-feeding and oviposition on Musca domestica by Spalangia cameroni, Nasonia vitripennis, and

         Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influences their longevity and fecundity.  Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 60(3):  678-691.

 

1992  Legner, E. F. & G. Gordh.  1992.  Lower navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) population densities following establishment of

           Goniozus legneri (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) in California.  J. Econ. Ent. 85(6):  2153-60.

 

1981  Legner, E. F. & C. A. Murray.  1981.  Feeding rates and growth of the fish Tilapia zillii [Cichlidae] on Hydrilla verticillata,

           Potamogeton pectinatus and Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens and interactions in irrigation canals in southeastern California. 

           J. Amer. Mosq. Contr. Assoc. 41(2):  241-250.

 

1983   Legner, E. F. & A. Silveira-Guido.  1983.  Establishment of Goniozus emigratus and Goniozus legneri [Hym: Bethylidae] on navel

            orangeworm, Amyelois transitella [Lep: Phycitidae] in California and biological control potential.  Entomophaga 28(2):  97-106.

 

1977  Legner, E. F. & S. N. Thompson.  1977.  Effects of the parental host on host selection, reproductive potential, survival and fecundity of

           the egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus, reared on Pectinophora gossypiella and Phthorimaea operculella. 

           Entomophaga 22(1):  75-84.

 

1978  Legner, E. F. & S.-C. Tsai.  1978.  Increasing fission rate of the planarian mosquito predator, Dugesia dorotocephala, through biological

           filtration.  Entomophaga 23(3):  293-298.

 

1985   Legner, E. F. & R. W. Warkentin.  1985.  Genetic improvement and inbreeding effects in culture of beneficial arthropods.  Proc. Calif.

           Mosq. & Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc. 52:  156-161

 

1987a  Legner, E. F.  1987.  Some quantitative aspects of inheritance in breeding synanthropic fly parasitoids.  Bull. Soc. Vector Ecol. 12(2);

            528- 533.

 

1987b  Legner, E. F.  1987.  The importance of single species in determining the average density of plants and animals.  Proc. Calif. Mosq. &

           Vector Contr. Assoc., Inc.  55:  121-123.