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Bethyloidea Chalcidoidea Proctotrupoidea
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Keys to the
Hymenoptera of European U.S.S.R.-- Bethyloidea
(derived from Alekseev, 1978, Bou…ek, 1951,
1956; Debauche, 1948, Ferriere, 1947, Graham, 1969, Hedquist,
1975, Kieffer, 1914, Kozlov, 1978,
Masner, 1976, Masner & Dessart, 1967, Medvedev, 1978, Nikolskaya,
1952, Nikolskaya & Zerova, 1978,
Peck et al., 1964, Richards, 1939, Tryapitcyn, 1978 by E. F. Legner)
[This key is in a form commonly used in Eastern
Europe. If the statement is true,
proceed to the next line, whereas
if it is false, go to the line shown in parentheses].
1 (2). Antennae with 12-13 segments, attached near mouth margin; body
long and narrow (Figs. A-C); usually
somewhat flat
insects....................................................................................................................Bethylidae
2 (1). Antennae with 10 segments, attached at projection near dorsal
margin of clypeus.
3 (4). Head of female not pear-shaped; fore tarsi female with claws
(Fig. A); if claws absent, then female dipterous
(genus Aphelopus);
fore wings without closed discoidal cell (Fig.
B)..........................................Dryinidae
4 (3). Head of female pear-shaped (Figs. A-B); fore tarsi of female
without claws (Fig. C); female always
wingless;
fore wings with closed discoidal cell (Fig. D)
........................................................Embolemidae
Keys to the
Hymenoptera of European U.S.S.R.-- Chalcidoidea
(derived
from Medvedev, 1978 by E. F. Legner)
[This key is in a form commonly used in Eastern
Europe. If the statement is true,
proceed to the next line, whereas
if it is false, go to the line shown in
parentheses].
1 (76). Wings not reduced; fore wings, when folded back, extend beyond
tip of abdomen.
2 (3). Tarsi with 3 segments; very minute species (body length 0.30 -
1.40 mm.); antennae usually very short, with
4-8 segments;
hairs on fore wings often arranged in longitudinal rows (Fig. A);
endoparasitoids of insect
eggs................................................................................................................................Trichogrammatidae
3 (2). Tarsi with 4-5 segments.
4 (21). Tarsi of at least middle pair of legs with 4 segments.
5 (8). Middle tarsi with 4 segments; fore- and hind tarsi with 5
segments.
6 (7). Antennae with 12 segments; fore wings with fairly long
postmarginal and radial veins (Fig. A); body length
2.0 - 3.5
mm.........................................................................Pteromalidae (only females of Macromesinae).
7 (6). Antennae with 8 segments; fore wings without postmarginal vein
and radial vein short (Fig. A); body length
0.5 - 0.8
mm...........................................................Aphelinidae (some species of Trichaporus & Encarsia).
8 (5). Tarsi of all legs with 4 segments.
9 (10). Antennal sockets closer to inner margin of eyes than to each
other; distance from antennal socket to eye
margin less
than diameter of antennal socket; frons above antennal sockets with straight,
deep, transverse
stria; two
pairs of longitudinal striae originate from ends of transverse stria and
continue along inner
margin of
eyes (Fig. A); antennae without rings, proceed directly from pedicel; marginal
vein of fore wings
short; radial
vein rudimentary, its apex in most cases falling short of mid wing (Fig. B);
base of hind wings
represented
by only submarginal vein, and speculum does not reach wing base; margins of
hind wings
usually
almost parallel beyond hamuli (= series of hooks); body not metallic;
endoparasitoids of insect eggs
(Figs.
C-D)..................................................................................................................................Mymaridae
10 (9). Antennal sockets usually not closer to inner margin of eyes
than to each other (if closer to inner margin of
eyes, then
frons without deep transverse stria and longitudinal striae originating from
its ends; if transverse
frontal stria
present, usually not straight).
11 (12). Marginal vein of fore wings dotted, or almost dotted; sides of
mesothorax not delineated; fore wings
either with
very long marginal fimbria, not shorter than maximum width of wing (Anthemus),
or antennae
of female
with 5 segments, 2 rings, and very small, nonsegmented clava (Fig. A) (Arrhenophagus);
body
length 0.50 -
0.70 mm......................................................Encyrtidae (only Anthemus & Arrhenophagus).
12 (11). Marginal vein of fore wings much longer than wide; sides of
mesothorax delineated.
13 (14). Antennal funicle with 6 segments (excluding very thin rings
between pedicel and 1st segment of funicle);
fore wings
without speculum (= area running obliquely from parastigma to hind margin)
(base of wing
pubescent).................................................................................Tetracampidae (only males of Tetracampinae).
14 (13). Antennal funicle, at most, with 5 segments (excluding slender
rings between pedicel and 1st segment of
funicle,
which may vary in number from 1-5); fore wings usually with speculum.
15 (16). Hind coxae highly disk-like, broad and flat, almost lamellate
(Fig. A); outer surface of tibiae with
numerous
short, dark, coarse bristles arranged in somewhat zigzag pattern; fore wings
narrow, with almost
parallel
anterior and posterior margins; marginal vein of fore wings very
long.............Elasmidae (only
Elasmus).
16 (15). Hind coxae broad, disk-like; outer surface of tibiae without
zigzag pattern or dark bristles.
17 (18). Postmarginal vein of fore wings equal in length to radial vein,
or longer; radial vein not very
short.............................................................................................................................................Eulophidae
18 (17). Postmarginal vein of fore wings either absent or distinctly
shorter than radial vein; radial vein of fore
wings very
short or even rudimentary.
19 (20). Abdomen distinctly attenuates at juncture with median segment;
abdominal petiole always well defined,
even if
sometimes represented by only a transverse ring; endophragm usually does not
continue into
abdomen;
angle between radial vein of fore wings and wing margin not less than 35-deg.;
body
often (at
least partly) metallic; if not metallic, then scutellum with two deep
longitudinal striae near
midpoint
(Fig. A).........................................................................................................................Eulophidae
20 (19). Abdomen appears almost sessile, i.e., its base almost equal in
width to median segment; abdominal
petiole very
difficult to distinguish; endophragm continues into abdomen; angle between
radial vein of fore
wings and wing margin usually very
acute (Fig. A); body not metallic; scutellum without deep median
longitudinal striae (Figs.
B-C).....................................................................................................Aphelinidae
21 (4). Tarsi of all legs with 5 segments.
22 (23). Antennal sockets closer to inner margin of eyes than to each
other (Fig. 12: 2); distance from antennal
socket to margin
of eye less than diameter of antennal socket; frons above antennal socket with
straight,
deep,
transverse stria; two pairs of longitudinal striae originate from ends of
transverse stria and continue
along inner
margin of eyes; antennae without rings, proceed directly from pedicel; marginal
vein of fore
wings short;
radial vein rudimentary, its apex in most cases falling short of mid wing (Fig.
A); base of hind
wings
represented by only submarginal vein, and speculum does not reach wing base; margins
of hind
wings usually
almost parallel beyond hamuli; body not metallic; endoparasitoids of insect
eggs (Fig. B)
......................................................................................................................................................Mymaridae.
23 (22). Antennal sockets usually not closer to inner margin of eyes
than to each other (if closer to inner margin of
eyes, then
frons without transverse deep stria and longitudinal striae originating from
its ends; if transverse
frontal stria
present, usually not straight).
24 (25). Middle coxae situated almost at midpoint of episternum of
mesothorax, sometimes even before its
midpoint
(Fig. A); mesothorax very short; sides of mesothorax convex, consist of highly
enlarged
episternum;
spurs of middle tibiae usually highly thickened and long (Fig. B); 1st segment
of middle tarsi
usually much
longer than other segments (Fig. B)); shield of mesonotum usually without
parapsidal
grooves (if
such present, very fine and shallow) (Fig. C); cerci usually situated some
distance from tip of
abdomen (Fig.
C) (see also Figs.
D-G)...........................................................................................Encyrtidae
25 (24). Middle coxae situated behind level of midpoint of episternum of
mesothorax (Figs. A-B); sides of
mesothorax
usually delineated, not convex, and do not broaden (Fig. A) (except in
&& of Eupelmidae-- Fig.
B); spurs of
middle tibiae usually not very long and thick (except in Eupelmidae &
Signiphoridae).
26 (27). Middle tarsi thickened at base and attenuate toward apex; 1st
segment of middle tarsi, and usually some
subsequent
segments, with 2 rows of short, thick spinules on lower surface; middle coxae
separated from
trochanter
lobes of mesothorax by membrane and, as a result, coxae able to move straight
forward (Fig. A);
spurs of
middle tibiae very long and thick, but without spines; sides of mesothorax
highly enlarged, almost
not
demarcated, but set off from mesothorax by longitudinal suture (Fig. B);
pronotum often longitudinally
divided
medially by groove, membranous stria, or carina; antennae mostly with one ring,
7-segmented
funicle, and
nonsegmented (Fig. C) or 3-segmented clava (also see Figs. D-F)........Eupelmidae (only females).
27 (26). Middle tarsi not thickened at apex [sic] and without row
of thick spinules on lower surface; middle coxae
not separated
from mesothorax by membrane and unable to move straight forward; spurs of
middle tibiae
not elongated
and not thickened but, if sometimes very long, then with long spines
(Signiphoridae); sides
of mesothorax
usually separated by suture, which extends from base of middle coxae toward
base of fore
wings;
pronotum usually not medially divided by longitudinal groove or carina.
28 (31). Postspiracular sclerite situated in same plane as lateral part
of pronotum or fused with it (Fig. A);
pronotum
firmly attached to episternum of mesothorax; thorax (in profile) short and
high; 3rd and 4th
abdominal
tergites highly enlarged and usually occupy entire or almost entire dorsal part
of abdomen.
29 (30). Pronotum not visible in dorsal view, concealed by highly convex
or forwardly protruding shield of
mesonotum;
abdominal petiole long, often slightly longer than wide; radial vein of fore
wings forms a right
angle or
almost a right angle with wing margin (Fig. A); head (facial view) usually
somewhat triangular;
mandibles
almost always falciform (sometimes very short, straight, arranged vertically)
(also see Figs. B-
E)...............................................................................................................................................Eucharitidae
30 (29). Mesonotum distinctly visible in dorsal view (except in Philomides
Haliday); abdominal petiole very
short,
transverse; radial vein of fore wings forms an acute angle with wing margin;
head (facial view) not
triangular;
mandibles not falciform (see Figs.
A-B)................................................................Perilampidae
31 (28). Postspiracular sclerite not situated in same plane as lateral
part of pronotum and not fused with it.
32 (35). Species associated with fig fruits (Ficus carica).
33 (34). Length of raised part of ovipositor constitutes about 1/4 length
of abdomen; ovipositor not overlapped by
last
abdominal tergite on dorsal side; fore wings 2X longer than their maximum
width; 1st segment of
antennal
funicle with process (Fig. A); mandibular base with process with transverse
carinae
........................................................................................................................................Agaonidae (only females).
34 (33). Ovipositor very long, much longer than abdomen; about 1/3rd of
ovipositor overlapped by last abdominal
tergite on
dorsal side; fore wings 3X longer than max. width; mandibles with 2
teeth.........................Torymidae
(only females of Idarninae).
35 (32). Species not associated with fig fruits.
36 (37). Last (9th) abdominal tergite with notch on back side and small
lobe (epipygium) in middle of this notch (Fig. A);
cerci (=
pygostyles) longer than wide (Fig. A); ovipositor usually long; hind coxae
several times larger than fore
coxae (Fig. B) ..............................................................................Torymidae (only females).
37 (36). Last (9th) abdominal tergite without notch on back side and
without lobe; cerci usually not longer than wide.
38 (43). Hind femora highly broadened and dilated, only 1.5 - 3.0 times
longer than max. width, and ventral margin with
teeth or
serrated; hind tibiae usually distinctly curved (Fig. A).
39 (40). Postspiracular sclerite large, extending notably downward (Fig.
A); distance from tegula to posterior margin
of pronotum
almost equal to tegula; body usually metallic; antennae usually attached at
least slightly above
level of
lower margin of eyes; postmarginal vein of fore wings shorter than marginal
vein (Figs. B-C).....Torymidae
40 (39). Postspiracular sclerite
usually poorly perceptible (Fig. A); if sometimes large (in some members of
Leucospidae),
tegulaealmost touch pronotum; body usually
not metallic.
41 (42). Tegulae not more than 2X longer than wide, their anterior
margin situated at a notable distance from margin of
pronotum
(Fig. A); distance between apices of axillae not greater than axillar width;
parapsidal grooves usually
continuous,
sometimes shallow on back side; fore wings not folded along their length; ovipositor
does not turn
toward dorsal
side of abdomen (Figs. B-D)................................Chalcididae
42 (41). Tegulae 2.5 - 3.5 times longer than wide, their anterior margin
almost reaching margin of pronotum (Fig. A); axillae
very small;
distance between their apices several times greater than axillar width (Fig.
A); axillae often indistinctly
separated
from scutellum; shield of mesonotum without parapsidal grooves; sometimes
grooves barely perceptible
on front;
fore wings folded along length, as in wasps of the family Vespidae; ovipositor
turns toward dorsal surface
of abdomen
(Fig. B).....Leucospidae
43 (38). Hind femora not highly broadened (if sometimes notably
broadened, then ventral surface without teeth or denticles);
hind tibiae
do not curve or only slightly so.
44 (47). Pronotum (except neck) long, almost rectangular (Figs. A-B),
its length at least 2/3rds length of mesonotal shield;
genae with
acute margin; surface of head and dorsal side of thorax with very dense, almost
fused, coarse punctation;
body usually
not metallic.
45 (46). Antennal funicle, at most, with 6 segments; inner margin of
eyes diverges slightly toward lower side.........Eurytomidae
46 (45). Antennal funicle with 7 segments (excluding ring); inner margin
of eyes diverges notable toward lower side......Pteromalidae
47 (44). Pronotum transverse (if pronotum long and almost rectangular,
then genae either without sharp margin, or head and
dorsal part
of thorax without coarse and deep punctation).
48 (63). Pronotum (excluding neck) almost rectangular, long, its length
constituting at least 1/2 length of mesonotal shield;
mesonotal shield with continuous parapsidal
grooves (= mesoscutal marks).
49 (50). Marginal vein of fore wings 4-8X longer than radial vein
(postmarginal vein not longer or barely longer than radial
vein); hairs
of abdominal cerci very long (Fig. A); antennal sockets either touch margin of
mouth or face, and with
tubercles or crests (Figs.
B-D)..............................................................................................................................Pteromalidae
50 (49). Marginal vein of fore wings either maximally 3X longer than
radial vein, or hairs of cerci short; antennal sockets do
not touch
margin of mouth and face, and without tubercles or crests.
51 (52). Antennae with 10-11 segments, of which 4-6 constitute funicle;
sides of metathorax not distinguished (Fig. A) or
indistinctly
separated from median segment; body usually without metallic
glaze..............................................Eurytomidae
52 (51). Antennae with 12-13 segments (usually 13, rarely 12), of which
6-9 constitute funicle.
53 (54). Body black, without metallic glaze; median segment with median
longitudinal groove; scutellum without distinctly
discernible
frenum......................Eurytomidae
54 (53). Body at least partly with metallic glaze, or median segment
without median longitudinal groove; scutellum usually
with frenum
distinguished by distinct, deep stria.
55 (56). Abdomen with well-defined, almost rectangular, reticulate or
striated petiole; anterior margin of sides of metathorax
do not curve;
hind femora not dilated and without ventral serration; radial vein of fore
wings with poorly broadened
apex...........Pteromalidae
56 (55). Abdomen with petiole relatively less visible, almost conical,
and smooth or almost smooth.
57 (58). Antennae attached below level of lower margin of eyes; fore
wings either virtually without speculum and marginal
vein barely
longer than radial, or vertex with 6-8 large, dark, and forwardly directed
hairs (Fig. A)..............Pteromalidae
58 (57). Antennae attached at level of lower margin of eyes or above
margin.
59 (60). Antennal funicle with 9 segments; radial vein of fore wings
with poorly broadened apex.......................Pteromalidae
60 (59). Antennal funicle, at most, with 7 segments.
61 (62). Neck of pronotum with sharp margin in front; abdomen shorter
than thorax, almost spherical; ovipositor does not
protrude; mandibles large, with 2 teeth
..........................................................................................Pteromalidae
62 (61). Neck of pronotum without sharp margin in
front............................Torymidae
63 (48). Pronotum (excluding neck) either not rectangular or shorter
than 1/2 length of mesonotal shield.
64 (65). Hind tibiae with 2 strong apical spurs, of which one or both curve;
hind coxae almost equal in length to hind femora,
with slender carina along dorsal margin;
middle segments of abdomen with unique sculpture (Figs. A-B); marginal
vein of fore
wings 6-9X longer than very short radial vein; antennae with 13 segments..............................Ormyridae
65 (64). Hind tibiae often with only one apical spur (if with 2, then
both spurs straight); hind coxae usually shorter; middle
segments of
abdomen without unique sculpture.
66 (67). Hind coxae highly broadened (Fig. A) and almost lamellate; hind
tibiae with short row of 4-6 long bristles on dorsal
margin and
row of 4 such bristles on outer surface; apices of hind tibiae with 2 long
spurs; fore wings with 1-3
individual
bristles near apex of submarginal vein; antennae with 9 segments (Fig.
B)..................Elasmidae
67 (66). Hind coxae neither broad nor flat; hind tibiae without such
rows of long bristles; apices of hind tibiae often with
only one
spur.
68 (69). Axillae indistinctly separated from scutellum, forming with it
a single transverse sclerite (Fig. A); median segment
with
triangular middle area; abdomen sessile, its basal segment equal in width to
median segment; antennae with 5-7
segments, 2-4
rings, and very long nonsegmented clava; fore wings with long marginal fimbria
(Fig. B), equal in
length to at
least 1/3rd wing width; middle tibiae with long spur ..............Signiphoridae
69 (68). Axillae distinctly separated from scutellum; median segment
without triangular middle area; abdomen somewhat
petiolate, or almost so; if abdomen appears
sessile, then its basal segment at least slightly narrower than median segment.
70 (71). Antennae with 3-9 segments; postmarginal vein of fore wings not
longer than 0.16 length of marginal vein; abdomen
almost sessile (Fig. A); abdominal petiole,
if present, highly transverse (= at right angles to longitudinal axis) and
difficult to
discern; postphragm extends atleast slightly into abdomen; pronotum very short
and highly transverse;
scutellum at least slightly
transverse........................Aphelinidae
71 (70). Antennae with 10-13 segments; postmarginal vein of fore wings
usually well developed and equal in length to radial
vein or
longer.
72 (73). Median segment pubescent; middle 1/3rd with some hairs so that
only narrow median strip remains glabrous; spur of
fore tibiae
weak and straight; fore wings without speculum; pronotum not shorter than
shield of mesonotum; scutellum
with 4 long bristles...................................Tetracampidae (only females of Tetracampinae).
73 (72). Median segment pubescent at least in middle 1/3rd; spur of fore
tibiae usually strong and curved; fore wings often
with
speculum; pronotum often comparatively short; scutellum usually with more than
4 bristles.
74 (75). Females: Spur of
fore tibiae weak, almost straight, and almost equal in length to 1/4 of 1st
segment of fore tarsi;
antennae with
one ring, 6-segmented funicle, and 3-segmented clava. Males: Fore wings
with large black longitudinal
dilation that
occupies marginal vein and distal part of submarginal (Fig. A). Females & Males: Pronotum bell-shaped,
its length ca. 3/4ths length of shield of
mesonotum (Fig. B) ...................................Tetracampidae (only Platynocheilus).
75 (74). Females: Spur of
fore tibiae strong and long, almost always curved (if spur straight, then
antennal formula different).
Males: Fore wings without large black
dilatation...............................................................................Pteromalidae
76 (1). Wings highly reduced or rudimentary.
77 (78). Tarsi with 3 segments; very minute species (body length 0.3 -
1.3 mm.); antennae usually very short, with 4-8 segments;
endoparasitoids
of insect eggs
.................................................................................Trichogrammatidae
78 (77). Tarsi with 4-5 segments (only in males of Blastophaga,
found in the ovaries of the fig Ficus carica, do fore tarsi
consist
of 2 segments).
79 (82). Tarsi with 4 segments.
80 (81). Antennal sockets closer to inner margin of eyes than to each
other; distance from antennal socket to margin of eye
less than diameter
of antennal socket (Fig. A); antennae slender, without rings (also see couplet
9)..............Mymaridae
81 (80). Antennal sockets closer to each other than to inner margin of
eyes.....Eulophidae
82 (79). Tarsi with 5 segments.
83 (86). Found in the ovaries of the fig Ficus carica.
84 (85). Antennae with 3 segments; head broader than long (Fig.
A)..............Agaonidae (only malesof Blastophaga).
85 (84). Antennae with 11 segments; head almost squared (Fig. A)....Torymidae (only males of Philotrypesis).
86 (83). Species not associated with ovaries of fig.
87 (88). Middle coxae located near midpoint, or slightly before
midpoint, of mesepisternum; mesepisternum highly enlarged
and convex
(Fig. A); middle tibiae usually with long and thick spur (Fig.
B)..........................................Encyrtidae
88 (87). Middle coxae situated near posterior end of mesepisternum.
89 (90). Middle tarsi thickened at base and attenuate toward apex; 1st
segment of middle tarsi (and often some subsequent
segments) on
lower side with 2 rows of short, thick spinules; mesepisternum (Fig. A) highly
enlarged, convex,
without
femoral groove, but separated from mesothorax by deep stria or suture; middle
coxae with membranous
parts on
lower side near base.......................................Eupelmidae
90 (89). Middle tarsi not thickened at base and without rows of short,
thick spinules on lower side; mesepisternum (in
addition to a
few members of Aphelinidae in which antennae with 7-8 segments) separated by
femoral groove;
middle tarsi
without membranous parts on lower side near base.
91 (92). Antennae with 6-8 segments; pronotum not long, shorter than
shield of mesonotum..........................Aphelinidae
92 (91). Antennae wither with 11-13 segments, or pronotum longer than
shield of mesonotum.
93 (94). Pronotum broadens toward front (Fig. A); body not metallic, and
covered with long hairs; found in stems of
wheat,
phytophagous.....................Eurytomidae (only Philachyra).
94 (93). Pronotum does not broaden toward front (see Figs. couplet
49).......Pteromalidae
Keys to the
Hymenoptera of European U.S.S.R.-- Proctotrupoidea
(derived
from Kozlov, 1978 by E. F. Legner)
[This key is in a form commonly used in Eastern
Europe. If the statement is true,
proceed to the next line, whereas if it is false,
go to the line shown in parentheses].
1 (4). First (basal) antennal segment 1.5X longer than max. width;
hind wings with anal lappet (Figs. A-B).
2 (3). Antennae with 16 segments; tarsal claws crestate; abdominal
petiole at least 2X longer than wide; fore wings with 1M
(1st
discoidal cell) (Fig. A); female ovipositor not protruding from abdominal
valves; parasitoids of larvae of
Chrysopidae........................Heloridae
3 (2). Antennae with 13 segments; tarsal claws simple, rarely with 2-3
denticles; abdominal petiole not longer than max.
width, at
least not in dorsal view; fore wings without 1 M (Fig. A); female ovipositor
protrudes from abdominal
valves;
parasitoids predominantly of larvae of beetles, rarely larvae of
Diptera..............Proctotrupidae
4 (1). First (basal) antennal segment at least 3X (usually more than
3X) longer than max. width; hind wings without anal
lappet (Fig.
A).
5 (10). Abdominal petiole consists of one segment.
6 (7). Tergites and sternites of abdominal petiole fused; frons with
process; antennae attached at frontal projection at
level of midpoint
of eye; if attachment different, then antennae with 14-15 segments; abdomen
roundish on sides,
without sharp
margin; parasitoids of larvae and pupae of Diptera, rarely of larvae of
bethyloid wasps (Figs. A-C)...
...............................................Diapriidae
7 (6). Tergites and sternites of abdominal petiole not fused; frons
without process; antennae attached almost at level of
lower margin
of eyes near opening of mouth; abdomen bordered on sides or with sharp margin.
8 (9). Antennae usually with 12 segments, rarely 11 segments; if
exceptionally with 7 or 10 segments, then fore wings
at least with
marginal vein, or 7th antennal segment forms very flat clava (Fig. A);
parasitoids of insect & spider
eggs (Figs.
B-D) .................Scelionidae
9 (8). Antennae usually with 10 segments; rarely with 7-9; fore wings
with only subcostal vein, often without veins;
parasitoids
of gall midges, whiteflies, coccids, and rarely eggs of
beetles..............................................Platygastridae
10 (5). Abdominal petiole consists of 2 segments; fore wings like
Mymaridae (long processes) (Fig. A).......Mymarommatidae
(normally placed in Chalcidoidea)
(derived
from Alekseev, 1978 by E. F. Legner)
[This key is in a form commonly used in Eastern
Europe. If the statement is true,
proceed to the next line, whereas if it is false,
go to the line shown in
parentheses].
1 (2). All tibiae with 2 spurs at apex; longer spur of fore tibiae
apically bifurcate (Fig. A); antennae with 11 segments in
both sexes;
antennal funicle of females fusiform, thick in middle (Fig. B); mesonotum with
parapsidal and median
grooves over greater part (Fig. 248:
4); pterostigma usually semielliptical, rarely linear (Fig. C); anterior margin
of
1st abdominal tergite elongated toward front and constricts into a
"neck" (Figs. D-E); Waterston organ
absent.............................................Megaspilidae
2 (1). Middle tibiae with one spur at apex; other tibiae with 2;
longer spur on fore tibiae not bifurcate (Fig. A); antennae
of females
with 9-10 segments; antennae of males with 11 segments; antennal funicle of
females with somewhat
distinct clava (Fig. B); mesonotum
with only median groove or all grooves entirely absent (Figs. C-D); pterostigma
linear (Fig. E); anterior margin of
1st abdominal tergite does not constrict and bordered by transverse suture
(Fig. F);
Waterston organ present (Fig. G) ....................................Ceraphronidae
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