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References for:  “KEY TO ADULTS OF PRINCIPAL PARASITOIDS OF SYNANTHROPIC

DIPTERA BREEDING IN DECOMPOSING ORGANIC WASTES”

 

 

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Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1974a.  Hymenopterous parasitoids associated with poultry manure.  Environ. Ent. 3(5):  884-86.

 

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1974b.  Responses and competition of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different densities of house fly pupae.  Canad. Ent. 106:  825-30.

 

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1976a.  Seasonal abundance and activity of indigenous hymenopterous parasitoids attacking the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae).  Canad. Ent. 108:  841-44.

 

Ables, J. R. & M. Shepard.  1976b.  Influence of temperature on oviposition by the parasites Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor.  Environ. Ent. 5:  511-13.

 

Ables, J. R., R. P. West & M. Shepard.  1975.  Response of the house fly and its parasitoids to Dimilin (TH-6040).  J. Econ. Ent. 68:  622-24. 

 

Ables, J. R., M. Shepard & J. R. Holman.  1976.  Development of the parasitoids Spalangia endius and Muscidifurax raptor in relation to constant and variable temperatures:  simulation and validation.  Environ. Ent. 5:  329-32.

 

Abraham, R.  1975.  Über die wirkung der temperature auf die Flugaktivität parasitischer Hymenopteren.  Z. angew. Ent. 79:  113-23.

 

Abraham, R.  1978a.  On the flight activity of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) depending on temperature and relative humidity.  Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. 105:  489-501.  [in German with English summary].

 

Abraham, R.  1978b.  Die Parasitierung von Phormia regina (Dipt.) durch Nasonia vitripennis (Hym., Pteromalidae) in Abhängigkeit von Temperatur und relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit im Freiland.  Mitt. dt. Ges. allg. angew. Ent., Giessen 1:  277-80.

 

Abraham, R.  1985.  Nasonia vitripennis an insect from bird's nests (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae).  Ent. Gen. 10:  121-24.

 

Abraham, R. & H. König.  1977.  Der Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Anstichaktivität bei Nasonia vitripennis und Spalangia nigra (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae).  Entomophaga 22:  299-308.

 

Adashkevich, B. P.  1970.  Rearing Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the laboratory.  Zool. Zh. 49(7):  1081-5.  [in Russian].

 

Adashkevich, B. P. & O. N. Perekrest.  1973.  Mass-rearing of Aleochara bilineata (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the laboratory.  Zool. Zh. 52(11):  1705-9.  [in Russian].

 

Adashkevich, B. P. & O. N. Perekrest.  1974.  Use of Aleochara bilineata Gill (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in controlling cabbage maggot and onion fly, p. 9-16.  In:  Entomofagi, fitofagi, i mikroorganiszmy v zashchite rastenii.  Shtiintsa Publ., Kishinev.  [in Russian].

 

Allee, M. C.  1969.  Aleochara tristis Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) as a potential means of controlling the face fly Musca autumnalis De Geer (Diptera: Muscidae).  Diss. Abstr. B., Sci. Eng. 29:  1393.

 

Altson, A. M.  1920.  The life-history and habits of two parasites of blow flies.  Proc. Zool. Soc. London 15:  196-243.

 

Andriescu, I. & K. Fabritius.  1981.  Eupteromalus terginae sp. n. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), ein Puparienparasit von Lucellia tergina Zett. (Anthomyiidae) und Musca domestica L. (Muscidae).  Nachr. Bl. bayer. Ent., München 30:  73-8.

 

Ankersmit, G. W., J. Th. Locher, H. H. W. Velthuis & K. W. R. Szart.  1962.  Effect of insecticides, acaricides and fungicides on Mormoniella vitripennis Walker (Hym. Pteromalidae).  Entomophaga 7:  251-.

 

Anonymous.  1938.  Biological control of dung breeding insects.  Report of the Puerto Rico Experiment Station, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture.  p. 107.

 

Anonymous.  1972.  Investigations on natural enemies of some flies that breed in dung and vegetable refuse.  Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr., Annu. Rept. 1970-1972, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

 

Arditi, R.  1980.  A model for the functional response of parasitoids.  Rev. Suisse Zool. 87:  887-93.

 

Arellano, G. M. & L. M. Rueda.  1988.  Biological study of the house fly pupal parasitoid Spalangia endius (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Philipp. Ent. 7:  329-50.

 

Ashmead, W. H.  1887.  Studies on the North American Chalcididae, with descriptions of new species, chiefly from Florida.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 14:  183-203.

 

Ashmead, W. H.  1896a.  A synopsis of the Spalangiinae of North America.  Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 3:  27-40.

 

Ashmead, W. H.  1896b.  Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera.  Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 23:  179-234.

 

Ashmead, W. H.  1899.  Classification of the old family Chalcididae.  Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 4:  242-49.

 

Ashmead, W. H.  1904.  Classification of the chalcid flies of the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museum, collected in South America by Herbert H. Smith.  Mem. Carnegie. Mus. 1(4):  225-551.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1981.  Use of predators and parasites in filth fly IPM programs in poultry housing. p. 26-43.  In: Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies, USDA Sci. Educ. Adm. Publ. A106. 2: F64, 212 p.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1986.  Status and potential of biological control agents in livestock and poultry pest management systems.  In:  Biological Control of Muscoid Flies (Patterson, R.S. and D.A. Rutz, editors).  Misc. Publications Entomological Society of America. 61, p. 1-9.

 

Axtell, R. C.  1990.  Potential of biocontrol for livestock and poultry pests.  Chapter 20, p. 293-304 In:  Rutz, D.A. and Patterson, R.S. (eds.), Biocontrol of Arthropods Affecting Livestock and Poultry, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.

 

Axtell, R. C. & D. A. Rutz.  1986.  Role of parasites and predators as biological fly control agents in poultry production facilities.  In:  Biological control of Muscoid Flies (Patterson, R.S. and D.A. Rutz, editors).  Misc. Publications Entomological Society of America. 61, p. 88-100.

 

Azab, A. K., M. f. S. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah.  1963.  Insect enemies of common flies of Giza region.  Bull. Ent. Soc. d'Egypte 47:  227-86.

 

Azab, A. K., M. F. S. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah.  1967a.  Morphology of the early stages of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Bull. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Cairo 51:  457-67.

 

Azab, A. K., M. F. S. Tawfik & K. T. Awadallah.  1967b.  Biology of Nasonia vitripennis Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Bull. Soc. Ent. d'Egypte, Cairo 51:  469-82.

 

Azizov, N.  1972.  A contribution to the biology of Spalangia nigroaenea (Hymenoptera, Spalangiidae).  Zool. Zhurn. (Moscow) 51(6):  925-26.  [in Russian with English summary].

 

 

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Bai, G. M. & T. Sankaran.  1977.  Parasites, predators and other arthropods associated with Musca domestica and other flies breeding in bovine manure.  Entomophaga 22:  163-67.

 

Bailey, N. S.  1947.  Trichopria tabanivora Fouts in Massachusetts (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae).  Psyche 54:  1-142.  [Rev. Appl. Ent. B-37:  146].

 

Bakker, K., S. N. Bagchee, W. R. van Swet & E. Meelis.  1967.  Host discrimination in Pseudeucoila bochei.  Ent. Exp. Appl. 10:  295-311.

 

Bakker, K., H.J.P. Eijsackers, J.C. van Lenteren & E. Meelis.  1972.  Some models describing the distribution of eggs of the parasite Pseudeucoila bochei (Hym.,Cynip.) over its hosts, larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Oecologia (Berl.) 10: 29‑57.

 

Baltazar, C. R.  1966.  A catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a bibliography, 1758-1963).  Pacific Inst. Monog. 8.  488 p.

 

Barash, D. P. & C. A. Ryder.  1972.  Ethology laboratory:  reproductive behaviour of Mormoniella vitripennis.  Amer. Biology Teacher 34:  14-18.

 

Barlin, M. R. & S. B. Vinson.  1981.  Multiporous sensilla in antennae of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera).  Int. J. Insect Morphol. & Embryol. 10:  29-42.

 

Barrass, R.  1960a.  The courtship behaviour of Mormoniella vitripennis Walk. (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).  Behaviour, Leiden 15(3-4):  185-209 (?206).

 

Barrass, R.  1960b.  The effect of age on the performance of an innate behaviour pattern in Mormoniella vitripennis Walk. (Hymenoptera< pteromalidae).  Behaviour, Leiden 15(3-4):  210-18.

 

Barrass, R.  1961.  A quantitative study of the behaviour of the male Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) towards two constant stimulus-situations.  Behaviour, Leiden 18(4):  288-312.

 

Barrass, R.  1962.  Contacts between males in Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Anim. Behaviour, London 10:  p. 385.

 

Barrass, R.  1965.  Variations in the receptivity of the female Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae).  Proc. 12th Internatl. Congr. Ent., London 1964.  p. 299.

 

Barrass, R.  1969.  Preening and abdomen dipping by the male Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) after courtship.  Behaviour, Leiden 35(3-4):  304-12.

 

Barrass, R.  1976a.  Inhibitory effects of courtship in the wasp Nasonia vitripennis and a new interpretation of the biological significance of courtship in insects.  Physiol. Ent. 1:  229-34.

 

Barrass, R.  1976b.  Rearing jewel wasps Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) and their use in teaching biology.  J. Biol. Educ., Dorchester 10(3):  119-26.

 

Bathon, H. & K. Fabritius.  1985.  Der Fliegenpuppenparasit Spalangia endius Walker (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) ein Neufund für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland.  Z. angew. Zool., Jahrg. 72(3):  343-7.  [English summary].

 

Beard, R. L.  1964a.  Parasites of muscoid flies.  Bull. World Hlth. Org. 31:  491-93.

 

Beard, R. L.  1964b.  Pathogenic stinging of housefly pupae by Nasonia vitripennis (Walker).  J. Insect Path. 6:  1-7.

 

Beard, R. L.  1972.  Effectiveness of paralyzing venom and its relation to host discrimination by braconid wasps.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65:  90-3.

 

Beard, R. L.  1964.  Parasites of muscoid flies.  Bull. World Health Org. 31:  491-93.

 

Belizin, V. I.  1963.  Cynipids; parasites of synanthropic flies in Uzbekistan [Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea].  Zool. đ. 42(11):  1652-8.  [in Russian].

 

Berry, P. A. & B. R. Speicher.  1972.  Gene and chromosomal behavior in a parasitic wasp.  Abstract Paper Presented Summer Mtg. Amer. Soc. Zoologists.  Amer. Zool. 12(3):  26.

 

Berti-Filho, E., V. A. Costa & T. L. Aageesen.  1989.  Occurrence of natural enemies of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) in poultry areas of Bastos, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.  Rev. Agr. (Piracicaba) 64:  98.

 

Best, R. L.  1978.  Behavior in the jewel wasp.  Carolina Tips 41:  1-2.

 

Blanchot, P.  1988.  Note préliminaire sur la biologie de Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), parasite de Musca domestica L. (Dipt.: Muscidae).  Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse Avril-juin:  26-30.

 

Blanchot, P.  1991a.  Contribution ŕ l'étude des insectes ennemis de la mouche domestique (Musca domestica Linné, 1758).  Répertoire bibliographique général.  Parasites et prédateurs rencontrés en France.  Nouvelles données biologiques.  Thčse, E.P.H.E., Biologie et Evolution des Insectes.  244 p.

 

Blanchot, P.  1991b.  Ichneumonides parasites inédits de Musca domestica Linné (Hym. Ichneumonidae/Dipt. Muscidae).  EPHE, Trvx Lab. Biol. Evol. Ins. 4:  93-105.

 

Blanchot, P.  1992a.  Coptera merceti (Kieffer) (Hym.: Diapriidae) parasite inédit de Musca domestica L. (Dipt.: Muscidae).  Bull. Soc. Ent. Mulhouse, Avr.-Juin 1992:  26-28.

 

Blanchot, P.  1992b.  Nouveau répertoire bibliographique et nouvelles données biologiques sur les parasites de Musca domestica L.  EPHE, Biol. Evol. Insectes 5:  1-54.

 

Bloomcamp, C. L.  1985.  Development of resistance to cyromazine in the house fly and its affect on the hymenopteran pupal parasite, Spalangia endius.  M.S. Thesis, Univ. Florida, Gainesville.  75 p.

 

Boheman.  1956.  Ofvers. Svensk. Vetensk-Akad., Forh. 15:  58, 59.  

 

Borror, D. J., D. M. De Long & C. A. Triplehorn.  1981.  An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 5th Ed.  Saunders Coll. Publ., Philadelphia.  827 p.

 

Bouek, Z.  1954.  Chalcidologické poznámky I, Pteromalidae, Torymidae, Eurytomidae, Chalcididae (Hymenoptera).  Sb. Ent. Odd. Nadr. Mus. Praze 29(426):  49-80.  [in Czech with English descriptions].

 

Boucek, Z.  1956.  A contribution to the knowledge of the Chalcididae, Leucospididae and Eucharitidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) of the Near East.  Bull. Res. Counc. of Israel 5B:  227-59.

 

Boucek, Z.  1963.  A taxonomic study in Spalangia Latr. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea).  Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 35:  429-512.

 

Boucek, Z.  1965.  Descriptions of new species of Spalangia Latr. (Hym., Chalc.) from Africa and South America, with notes on some known species.  Acta Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 36:  593-602.

 

Boucek, Z.  1988.  Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species.  C.A.B. Internatl. Inst. Ent., London.  832 p.

 

Boucek, Z. & T. C. Narendran.  1981.  Indian chalcid wasps (Hymenoptera) of the genus Dirhinus parasitic on synanthropic and other Diptera.  Syst. Ent. 6:  229-51.

 

Bouché, P. F.  1834.  Naturgeschichte der Insecten.  Publ. Berlin.  216 p.

 

Bradley, S. W., D. C. Booth & D. C. Sheppard.  1984.  Parasitism of the black soldier fly by Trichopria sp. (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) in poultry houses.  Environ. Ent. 13:  451-4.

 

Brčthes, J.  1913.  Platymesopus macellariae.  Ann. Buenos Aires Mus. Nat. Hist 24:  92.

 

Brčthes, J.  1915.  Sur la Prospalangia platensis (n. Gen. n. sp.) (Hymen.) et sa Biologie.  Ann. Soc. Cien. Argentina No. 5-6:  314-20.

 

Bridwell, J. C.  1919.  Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous parasites of muscoid Diptera with notes on their habits.  Proc. Hawaii. Ent. Soc. 4:  166-79.

 

Broadbent, A. B.  1972.  A study of the sex ratios of Muscidifurax zaraptor and Muscidifurax uniraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) as affected by changes in some environmental conditions.  B. Sc. Hon. Project, Victoria Univ. of Wellington, New Zealand.

 

Bromley, S. W.  1945.  Insect enemies of the house fly, Musca domestica L.  J. New York. Ent. Soc. 53:  145-52.

 

Bull, A. L.  1982.  Stages of living embryos in the jewel wasp Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Int. J. Insect Morphol. & Embryol. 11:  1-23.

 

Burgess, L. P., Jr. & C. W. Wingo.  1968.  The host and present status of Alysia ridibunda Say in Missouri (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).  Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 70:  204-08.

 

Burks, B. D.  1952.  Other controls, insects, enemies of insects.  In:  Yearbk. Agr., Wash., D.C.  780 p.

 

Burks, B. D.  1969.  Species of Spalangia in the United States National Museum Collection (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Smithsonian Contrib. Zool. 2:  1-7.

 

Burks, B. D.  1979.  Family Pteromalidae, p. 768-835.  In:  K. V. Krombein, P. D. Hurd, Jr., D. R. Smith & B. D. Burks (eds.), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico, Vol. 1.  Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica).  Smithsonian Inst. Press, Wash., D.C.  1198 p.

 

Burton, R. P. & E. C. Turner, Jr.  1968.  Laboratory propagation of Muscidifurax raptor on face fly pupae.  J. Econ. Ent. 61:  1380-83.

 

Butler, J. F. & R. L. Escher.  1981.  Life cycle: development times of various pupal parasites of house flies and horn flies in Florida, p. 80-89.  In:  Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies, USDA Sci. Educ. Adm. Publ. A106. 2: F64, 212 p.

 

Butler, J. R., R. Escher & J. A. Hogsette.  1981.  Natural parasite levels in house flies, stable flies, and horn flies in Florida, p. 61-79.  In:  Status of Biological Control of Filth Flies, USDA Sci. Educ. Adm. Publ. A106. 2: F64, 212 p.

 

 

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Cabrales, G., R. Figueroa, F. Uribe & C. I. Trochez.  1985.  Evaluación del efecto del parasitismo por Spalangia endius W. (Hym. Pteromalidae) sobre la dinámica de población de Musca domestica L. en galpones para aves (La Florida-Risaralda).  Acta Agronómica, Palmira 35:  93-105.

 

Cameron, P.  1881.  Notes on Hymenoptera with descriptions of new species.  Trans. Ent. Soc. London 1881:  555-77.

 

Cameron, P.  1906.  On the Tenthredinidae and parasitic Hymenoptera collected in Baluchistan by Major C. G. Nurse.  J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 17:  89-107.

 

Campbell, T. G.  1938.  Recent investigations on the buffalo fly (Lyperosia exigua de Meijere) and its parasites in North Australia.  J. Australian Counc. Sci. & Ind. Res. 11:  77-82.

 

Capehart, J. S., R. L. Harris & D. E. Bay.  1981.  The effect of host species on developmental time of Muscidifurax raptor and Spalangia drosophilae.  Southwestern Ent. 6:  136-29.

 

Cassida, J. D.  1975.  The parasitoid wasps, Habrobracon and Mormoniella, p. 173-203.  In:  R. C. King (ed.), Handbook of Genetics. Vol. 3.  Plenum Press, NY.

 

Caudri, L. W. D.  1941.  The braconid, Alysia manducator Panzer, in its relation to the blow-fly, Calliphora erythrocephala Meig.  P.D. Thesis, Univ. of Leiden, The Netherlands.

 

Ceballos, G.  1941-1943.  Las tribus de los Himenópteros de Espańa.  Inst. Esp. Ent. Madrid.  420 p.

 

Chabora, P. C.  1967.  Hereditary behavior variation in oviposition patterns in the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).  Canad. Ent. 99:  763-5.

 

Chabora, P. C.  1970a.  Studies of parasite-host interaction using geographical strains of the blow fly Phaenicia sericata and its parasite Nasonia vitripennis.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63:  495-501.

 

Chabora, P. C.  1970b.  Studies of parasite-host interactions. II. Reproductive and developmental response of the parasite Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to strains of the house fly host, Musca domestica.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 63:  1632-6. (?1642)