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Key to Families / Subfamilies of
Cynipoidea
(derived
primarily fr. Gauld & Bolton 1988)
Please
refer to <Guide> for illustrations (Powerful connections use <Guide-2>)]
1a. largest segment of gaster (in lateral view)
the 6th; radial cell of fore wing at least 9X as long as broad; female
gaster very much laterally compressed, bladelike (Fig. 81); length
usually >10 mm......................Ibaliidae
1b. Largest segment of gaster (in lateral view)
the 2nd or 3rd (Figs. 84-86); radial cell of fore wing much less than
9X as long as broad; female gaster less less compressed; length
<10 mm...................................................2
2a. Scutellum with a dorsal cup-shaped process
(Fig. 85); pronotum often very pronounced, produced
frontodorsally into an anterior plate with a solid posterior
margin................................................Eucoilinae
2b. Scutellum without cup-shaped process;
pronotum if raised dorsally into an anterior plate then without a
posterior margin, very often indistinct or
absent..........................................................................................3
3a. Winged; fore wing with Rs+M, when visible,
arises from a point at or close to the junction of Rs&M with
M+Cu1 (Fig. 82); female gaster often with tergite 3 the largest,
although at times it is tergite 2; mesosoma
at least partially sculptured; scutellum sometimes with an apical
spine...........................................Figitidae
3b. Winged or wingless; fore wing with Rs+M when
visible, arising from a point nearer the middle of Rs&M than
to the junction of Rs&M with M+Cu1 (Fig. 83); gaster of female
with largest tergite either the 2nd or the
2nd and 3rd fused (with or without an obsolete suture visible); entire
mesosoma often smooth and shiny;
scutellum never with an apical
spine............................................................................................................4
4a. Vertex (= top of head), mesonotum, scutellum,
mesepisternum and gaster smooth and shiny; mid tibia often
with only one spur, hind tibia with 1-2 unequal spurs; pronotum
distinctly angled anteriorly, forming a
vertical ridge; gaster with a ring of pubescence at base of tergite
2; male often with 4th, rarely 3rd or 3rd to
5th antennal segment
notched................................................................................Charipidae (Charipinae)
4b. At least vertex, mesonotum, scutellum or
gaster sculptured; mid and hind tibia each with two distinct spurs;
pronotum generally not distinctly angled anteriorly but if a ridge
is indicated then head and thorax heavily
sculptured; gaster only rarely with pubescence at base of tergite
2; notched segment of male antenna, when
present, always the 3rd.....................
........................................................................Cynipidae (Cynipinae)