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Biological Pest Control

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Caballero, C. V.  1951.  Notas biológicas y económicas sobre la conchuel anegra (Saissetia oleae).  Agr. Tech. (Santiago, Chile) 11:  54-63.

 

Cabanillas, E., K.R. Barker, and L.A. Nelson. 1989.  Growth of isolates of Paecilomyces Ulacinus and their efficacy in biocontrol of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato.  J. Nematol., 21: 164-172.

 

Cabanillas, H.E. and  J. R. Raulston. 1994.  Evaluation of the spatial pattern of Steinernema riobravis in corn plots.J. Nematol., 26: 25-31.

 

Cabello, G. T. & P. P. Vargas.  1985.  Temperature as a factor influencing the form of reproduction of Trichogramma cordubensis.  Z. angew. Ent. 100:  434-41.

 

Caccia, R., M. Baillod, E. Guignard, and S. Kreiter. 1985.  Introduction d'une souche de Amblyseius andersoni Chant (Acari, Phytoseiidae) resistant a I'azinphos, dans la lutte contre les acariens phytophages en viticulture.  Revue Suisse Viticulture, Argriculture, et Horticulture, 17: 285-290.

 

Cadahia, D., G. Demolin & E. Biliotti.  1967.  Meteorus versicolor Wesm. var. decoloratus Ruthe (Hym., Braconidae) parasite nouveau de Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff. (Lep., Thaumetopoeidae).  Entomophaga 12:  355-61.

 

Cade, W.  975.  Acoustically orienting parasitoids:  fly phonotaxis to cricket song.  Science 190:  1312-3.

 

Cadogan, G.L. and R.D. Scharbach. 1993.  Efficacy of Foray 48B (Bacillus thutingiensis Berliner) applications against the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), timed for phenological development of balsam fir and black spruce.  Canad. Entom., 125: 479-488.

 

Caffrey, D. J.  1921.  Biology and economic importance of Anastatus semiflavidus, a recently described egg parasite of Hemileuca oliviae.  J. Agr. Res. 21:  373-84.

 

Caffrey, D. J. & L. H. Worthley.  1927.  A progress report on the investigations of the European corn borer.  USDA Bull. No. 1476.

 

Cagle, L, R.  1949.  Life history of the two-spotted spider mite.  Va. Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 113.  31 p.

 

Cai, C., X. Zhang & J. Zhao.  1983.  Studies on the artificial diet for rearing larvae of Chrysopa sinica Tjeder.  Nat. Enemies of Insects 5(2):  82-85.

 

Cain, A. J.  1953.  Geography, ecology and coexistence in relation to teh biological definition of the species.  Evolution 7:  76-83.

 

Calderon, M.  1962.  The Bruchidae of Israel.  Riv. Parassitol., Roma 23:  207-16.

 

Caldwell, A. H.  1949.  Mass rearing Drosophila.  J. Econ. Ent. 42:  707.

 

Caldwell, L. D. & J. B. Gentry.  1965.  Interactions of Peromyscus and Mus in a one-acre field enclosure.  Ecology 46:  189-92.

 

Cale, G. H.  1963.  Bee disease up-to-date.  Amer. Bee J. 103:  48.

 

Cale, G. H.  1965.  Beginning with bees. V. Examination for disease.  Amer. Bee J. 105(8):  291.

 

Calev, M.  1966.  Les parasites vivant sur le puceron Sphaerolecanium prunastri Fonsc. [Homoptera, Coccidae] et leur importance pour la réduction numérique de celui-ci).  Izv. Zool. Inst., Mus., Sofija 21 (Jun.):  87-96.

 

Calhoun, E. H.  1953.  Notes on the stages and the biology of Baryodma ontarionis Casey (Coleoptera:  Staphylinidae), a parasite of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae Bouche (Diptera: Anthomyiidae).  Canad. Ent. 85:  1-8.

 

California Department of Food and Agriculture.  1990.  Medfly information kit.  Tech. Publ. CDFA, April 30, 1990.

 

Callan, E. M.  1943.  Natural enemies of the cacao thrips.  Bull. Ent. Res. 34:  313-21.

 

Callan, E. M.  1948.  Effect of defoliation on reproduction of Cordia macrostachya.  Bull. Ent. Res. 29:  213-15.

 

Callan, E. M.  1969.  Ecology and insect colonization for biological control.  Proc. Ecol. Soc. Australia 4:  17-31.

 

Callan, E. M.  1975.  Miridae of the genus Termatophylidea [Hemiptera] as predators of cacao thrips.  Entomophaga 20:  389-92.

 

Calow, P.  1977.  Conversion efficiencies in heterotrophic organisms.  Biol. Rev. 52:  385-409.

 

Cals, P.  1964.  Modification dans le mode de vie du parasite Aleochara algarum Fauvel (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) en fonction d'une variation de coincidence phenologique avec son hote Coleopa frigida Fallen (Diptera, Coelopidae).  Bull. Soc. Zool. France 89:  760-66.

 

Cals, P. & N. Shaumar.  1965.  Biologie et morphologie larvaire comparée de trois Ichneumonides Pimplines.  Ann. Sci. nat., Zool., Biol. Anim., Paris (Sér. 12) 7:  767-90.

 

Cals-Usciati, J.  1966.  Organisation interne et morphologie du stade larvaire terminal d'Opius concolor [Hym. Braconidae].  Ann. Soc. Ent. France, N.S. 2:  629-40.

 

Caltagirone, L. E.  1959.  The biology of Pontania pacifica Marlatt (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), and its parasites and inquilines.  Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

 

Caltagirone, L. E.  1964.  Notes on the biology, parasites, and inquilines of Pontania pacifica [Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae], a leaf-gall incitant on Salix lasiolepis.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 57:  279-91.

 

Caltagirone, L. E.  1965.  A new Phanerotoma from California [Hymenoptera: Braconidae].  Pan Pacific Ent. 41:  17-20.

 

Caltagirone, L. E.  1981.  Landmark examples in classical biological control.  Annu. Rev. Ent. 26:  213-32.

 

Caltagirone, L. E.  1985.  Identifying and discriminating among biotypes of parasites and predators, p. 189-200.  In:  M. A. Hoy & D. C. Herzog (eds.), Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems.  Academic Press, Orlando.

 

Caltagirone, L. E. & R. L. Doutt.  1989.  The history of the vedalia beetle importation to California and its impact on the development of biological control.  Annu. Rev. Ent. 34:  1-16.

 

Caltagirone, L. E. & C. B. Huffaker.  1980.  Benefits and risks of using predators and parasites for controlling pests.  Ecol. Bull. (Stolkholm) 31:  103-09.

 

Caltagirone, L. E., K. P. Shea & G. L. Finney.  1964.  Parasites to aid control of navel orangeworm.  Calif. Agr. 18(1):  10-12.

 

Calvert, D. J.  1970.  Host specificity of Monoctonus paulensis a parasite of certain dactynotine aphids.  Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif., Berkeley.

 

Calvert, D.  1973.  Experimental host preference of Monoctonus paulensis, including a hypothetical scheme of host selection.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 66:  28-33. 

 

Calvert, D. J. & C. B. Huffaker.  1974.  Predator (Metaseiulus occidentalis) - prey (Pronematus spp.) interactions under sulfur and cattail pollen applications in a non-commercial vineyard.  Entomophaga 19:  361-69.

 

Calvert, D. J. & R. van den Bosch.  1972.  Host range and specificity of Monoctonus paulensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasite of certain dactynotine aphids.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65:  422-32.

 

Camargo, F. C.  1937.  Notas taxonómicas e biológicas sobre algunos coccinellideos do género Neocalvia Crotch, predadores de larvas do género Psyllobora Chevrolat (Col. Coccinellidae).  Rev. de Ent. 7:  362-77.

 

Camazine, S.  1986.  Differential reproduction of the mite, Varroa jacobsoni, on Africanized and European honey bees.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 79:  801-03.

 

Camazine, S.  1988.  Hymenopteran stings:  reactions, mechanisms, and medical treatment.  Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 34:  17-21.

Camazine, S. & R. A. Morse.  1988.  The Africanized honeybee.  Amer. Sci. 76:  464-71.

 

Camerano, L.  1914.  Le reunioni della Coccinella.  Zeit. f. Wissensc. Insektenbiol. 10(5):  187-89.

 

Cameron, E.  1935.  A study of the natural control of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.).  J. Ecol. 23:  265-322.

 

Cameron, E.  1938.  A study of the natural control of the pea moth, Cydia nigricana Steph.  Bull. Ent. Res. 29:  277-313.

 

Cameron, E.  1939.  The holly leaf-miner (Phytomyza ilicis Curt.) and its parasites.  Bull. Ent. Res. 30:  173-208.

 

Cameron, E.  1941.  The biology and post-embryonic development of Opius ilicis n. sp., a parasite of the holly leaf-miner (Phytomyza ilicis Curt.).  Parasitol. 33:  8-39.

 

Cameron, E.  1950.  The biology and economic importance of Alomya debellator (F.), a remarkable parasite of the swift moth, Hepialus lupulinus (L.).  Bull. Ent. Res. 41:  429-38.

 

Cameron, E.  1951.  On the identity of an ichneumonid parasite of Hepialus lupulinus (L.).  Bull. Ent. Res. 41:  637.

 

Cameron, E.  1955.  On the parasites and predators of the cockroach. I.  Tetrastichus hagenowii (Ratz.).  Bull. Ent. Res. 46:  137-47.

 

Cameron, E.  1957.  Of the parasites and predators of the cockroach.  II.  Evania appendigaster (L.).  Bull. Ent. Res. 48:  199-209.

 

Cameron, E. A.  1962.  Some Dioryctria spp. [Lepidoptera; Pyralidae: Phycitinae] and parasites recorded from North America.  Tech. Bull. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Contr. 2:  77-81.

 

Cameron, E. A.  1973.  Disparlure:  a potential tool for gypsy moth population manipulation.  Bull. Ent. Soc. Amer. 19:  15-19.

 

Cameron, E. A., C. P. Schwalbe, M. Beroza & E. F. Knipling.  1974. Disruption of gypsy moth mating with microencapsulated disparlure.  Science 183:  972-73.

 

Cameron, J. W. M.  1956.  Insect pathology, p. 313-15.  In:  R. Glen (ed.), Entomology in Canada up to 1956.  Canad Ent. 88:  290-371.

 

Cameron, J. W. M.  1963a.  Factors affecting the use of microbial pathogens in insect control.  Annu. Rev. Ent. 8:  265-86.

 

Cameron, J. W. M.  1963b.  How useful is the basic research program in insect pathology to economic entomology.  Proc. Ent. Soc. Ontario 93:  7-16.

 

Cameron, J. W. M.  1969.  Problems and prospects in the use of pathogens in insect control.  Proc. Ent. Soc. Ontario (1968):  73-9.

 

Cameron, J. W. M.  1973.  Insect pathology, p. 285-306.  In:  Smith, R. F., T. H. Mittler & C. N. Smith (eds.), History of Entomology.  Annu. Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.

 

Cameron, J. W. M. & MacBain.  1973.  Insect pathology, p. 285-306.  In:  R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler & C. N. Smith (eds.), A History of Entomology.  Annu. Rev. Inc., Palo Alto, California.

 

Cameron, P. J. & F. O. Morrison.  1977.  Analysis of mortality in the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Quebec.  Canad. Ent. 109:  769-88.

 

Cameron, P.J., R.L. Hill, J. Bain, and W.P. Thomas. 1989.  A Review. of Biological Control Of Invertebrate Pests and Weeds in New Zealand 1847-1987.  Commonw. Agric. Bureaux Inst. of Biological Control, Tech. Commun. No. 10, Wallingford, U.K.

 

Cameron, P.J., W. Powell, and H.D. Loxdale. 1984.  Reservoirs for APhidius M4 Haliday (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae), aPolyphagous parasitoid of cereal aphids (Homoptera:   Aphididae).  Bull. of Entomological Res., 74: 647-656.

 

Cameron, R. A. D. & M. Redfern.  1974.  A simple study in ecological energetics using a gall-fly and its insect parasites.  J. Biol. Educ. 8:  75-82.

 

Camors, F. B., Jr. & T. L. Payne.  1971.  Response in Heydenia unica to Dendroctonus frontalis pheromones and a host-tree terpene.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65:  31-3.

 

Camors, F. B., Jr. & T. L. Payne.  1973.  Sequence of arrival of entomophagous insects to trees infested with the southern pine beetle.  Environ. Ent. 2:  267-70.

 

Campadelli, G. & M. L. Dindo.  1987.  Recenti progressi nello studio delle diete artificiali per l'allevamento di insetti entomologi parassiti.  Boll. Ent. Bologna 42:  101-18.

 

Campbell, A. & M. Mackauer.  1973.  Some climatic effects on the spread and abundance of two parasites of the pea aphid in British Columbia (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae-- Homoptera: Aphididae).  Z. angew. Ent. 74:  47-55.

 

Campbell, A. & M. Mackauer.  1975.  The effect of parasitism by Aphidius smithi (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on reproduction and population growth of the pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae).  Canad. Ent. 107:  919-26.

 

Campbell, A., B. D. Frazier, N. Gilbert, A. P. Gutierrez & M. Mackauer.  1974.  The temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites.  Canad. Ent. 107:  419-23.

 

Campbell, A. et al.  1974.  Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites.  J. Applied Ecology 11:  431-38.  [Last paragraph addresses why some parasitoids may be incapable of controlling their hosts].

 

Campbell, B. C. & S. S. Duffey.  1979.  Tomatine and parasitic wasps:  potential incompatibility of plant antibiosis with biological control.  Science 205:  700-02.

 

Campbell, C. A. M.  1977.  A laboratory evaluation of Anthocorus nemorum and A. nemoralis [Hem.: Anthocoridae] as predators of Phorodon humuli [Hom.: Aphididae].  Entomophaga 22:  309-14.

 

Campbell, C. A. M.  1978.  Regulation of the Damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli [Schrank]) on hops (Humulus lupulus Linnaeus) by predators.  J. Hort. Sci. 53:  235-42.

 

Camphell, C.L. and D.C. Sands. 1992.  Testing the effects of microbial agents on plants, pp. 689-705.  In:Levin, M.A., Rj.  Seidler, and M. Rogul, (eds.). Microbial Ecologv, Principles, Methods and Applications.  McGraw-Hill, New York. 

 

Camphell, C.L., G.P. Markin, and M.W. Johnson. 1994.  Determination of the fate of the biological control agents, Cyanotricha necyia (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae [Dioptinael) and PyraustaPerelegans (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), on banana poka (Passiflora mollissima) on the Big Island of Hawaii.  Proc. of the Hawaii. Entomol. Soc., 32: 123-130.

 

Campbell, F. L. & F. R. Moulton.  1943.  Laboratory procedures in studies of the chemical control of insects.  Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Publ. No. 20.  206 p.

 

Campbell, K. G.  1963.  The biology of Roeselia lugens (Walk.), the gum-leaf skeletonizer moth, with particular reference to the Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. (river red gum) forests of the Murray Valley region.  Proc. Linnean Soc. New South Wales 87:  316-38.

 

Campbell, M. M.  1975.  Establishing Aphytis melinus in citrus orchards by a new simple method.  J. Aust. Inst. Agr. Sci. 41:  42-53.

 

Campbell, M. M.  1976.  Colonization of Aphytis melinus DeBach [Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae] in Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) [Homoptera: Coccidae] on citrus in South Australia.  Bull. Ent. Res. 65:  659-68.

 

Campbell, R. 1985.  Plant Microbiol..  Edward Arnold, London.

 

Campbell, R. 1989.  Biological Control of Microbial Plant Pathogens.  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. Camphell, R.W. and TR.  Torgersen. 1983.  Compensatory mortality in defoliator population dynamics.  Environ.Entomol., 12: 630-632.

 

Campbell, R. E.  1926.  The pea aphid in California.  J. Agr. Res. 32:  861-81.

 

Campbell, R. E. & W. M. Davidson.  1924.  Notes on aphidophagous Syrphidae of southern California.  Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 23:  3-9, 59-71.

 

Campbell, R. W., T. R. Torgensen & R. C. Beckwith.  1982.  Disappearing pupae:  A source of possible error in estimating population density.  Environ. Ent. 11:  105-06.

 

Campbell, J. B., D. J. Boxler, J. I. Shugart, D. C. Clanton & R. Crookshank.  1981.  Effects of house flies on weight gains and feed efficiency on yearling heifers on finishing rations.  J. Econ. Ent. 74:  94-5.

 

Campbell, J. B., I. L. Berry, D. J. Boxler, R. L. Davis, D. C. Clanton & G. H. Deutscher.  1987.  Effects of stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on weight gain and feed efficiency of feedlot cattle.  J. Econ. Ent. 80:  117-19.

 

Campbell, R. W.  1963.  The role of disease and desiccation in the population dynamics of the gypsy moth Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).  Canad. Ent. 956:  426-34.

 

Campbell, R. W. & J. D. Podgwaite.  1971.  The disease complex of the gypsy moth. I. Major components.  J. Invertebr. Path. 18:  101-07.

 

Campbell, T. F.  1938.  Recent investigations on the buffalo fly (Lyperosia exigua de Meijere) and its parasites in North Australia.  Austral. Council Sci. & Indus. Res. J. 11:  77-82.

 

Campbell, T. G.  1938.  Recent investigations on the buffalo fly (Lyperosia exigua de Meijere) and its parasites in North Australia.  J. Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. Aust. 11:  77-82.

 

Campbell, T. F.  1943.  Introduction of scale parasites from California.  Austral. Council Sci. & Indus. Res. J. 16:  41-2.

 

Campinera, J. L. & J. H. Lilly.  1975.  Tetrastichus asparagi, parasitoid of the asparagus beetle:  some aspects of host-parasitoid interaction.  Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 68:  595-96.

 

Campion, D. G.  1967.  Chemosterilization of the red bollworm (Diparopis castanea) by mutagenic agents.  Nature 214:  1031-32.

 

Campion, D. G.  1972.  Insect chemosterilants:  a review.  Bull. Ent. Res. 61:  577-635.

 

Campion, D. G. & I. Outram.  1967.  Factors affecting male probing activity of the red bollworm Diparopsis castanea (Hmps.) in relation to sterility induced by tris (l-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (tepa).  Ann. Appl. Biol. 60:  191-98.

 

Campos, M. & R. Gonzales.  1990.  Influence of breeding conditions on longevity and fecundity of Raphitelus maculatus [Hym.: Pteromalidae] reared under standard laboratory conditions.  Entomophaga 35:  411-20.

 

Campos M. & P. Ramos.  1982.  Ageniaspis fuscicollis praysincola Silv. (Hym.: Encyrtidae), a parasite of Prays olease Bern. (Lep.: Hyponomeutidae) in Granada.  Boll. Assoc. Española Ent. 4:  63-71.

 

Campos-Novaes, J. de.  1922.  A Prospaltella berlesei How., parasita de Diaspis pentagona Targ.  Bol. Agr. (Sao Paulo) 23:  343-66.

 

Campos-Palomino, J.  9165.  Investigaciones sobre el control biológico del "cogollero" del maiz, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) y otros noctuideos.  Rev. Peruana Ent. 8(1):  126-31.

 

Can, E.  Laboratoriums-Untersuchungen zum Vermehrungs potential von Hadronotus carinatus Masner i.l. (Proct. Telen.).  Zeit. angew. Ent. 45:  411-14.

 

Canada Dept. Agr. Res. Institute.  1962.  Res. Rept. 1960-61.  28 p.

 

Canada Dept. Agr. Res. Institute.  1964.  Res. Rept., 1962-63.  35 p.

 

Canada Dept. Agr. Res. Institute.  1966.  Res. Rept., 1964-65.  32 p.

 

Canada Dept. Agr. Res. Institute.  1967.  Res. Rept., 1966.  19 p.

 

Canada Entom. Res. Inst. for Biol. Contr., Canada Dept. Agr. Res. Rept. 1956-59.  44 p.

 

Canada.  1990.  Plant Protection Act, Statues of Canada 1990.  Chapter 22, Bill C-67.  25 p.

 

Canard, M.  1958.  Recherches sur la morphologie et la biologie de la cochenille Eulecanium corni Bouche (Homopteres-Coccoidea).  Ann. Ecole nat. super. agron., Toulouse 6:  187-267.

 

Canard, M.  1970.  Incidence de la valeur alimentaire de divers pucerons (Homoptera: Aphididae) sur le potential de multiplication de Chrysopa perla (L.) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).  Ann. Zool. Ecol. Anim. 2:  345-55.

 

Candolle, A. P. de.  1855.  Geographique Botanique ou Exposition des Faits Principaux et des lois Concernant la Distribution Géographique des Plantes de l'époque Actuelle.  2 Vol. .  Paris-Geneve: Raisonee.

 

Candura, C. S.  1928.  Contributo alla conoscenza della Tignola grignia della proviste alimentari (Ephestia kuehniella), e del suo parassiti Nemeriti9s canescens Grav.  Portici R. Scuola Super. di Agr. Lab. Zool. Gen e Agr. Bol. 21:  149-215.

 

Candura, G. S.  1932.  (A contribution to the knowledge of the morphology and biology of Tenebroides mauritanicus L.).  Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici 27:  1-56.

 

Canizo, J. del.  1957.  Parásitos de la langosta en España. II. Los Trichodes (Col. Cleridae).  Bol. Pat. Veg. Ent. Agric., Madrid (1955-56) 22:  297-312.

 

Cankov, G.  1964.  The use of certain entomophagous insects in the biological control of the European pine shoot moth.  Gorskostop. Nauka 1(2):  61-70.  [in Bulgarian].

 

Canning, E. U.  1953.  A new microsporidian, Nosema locustae n. sp., from the fat body of the African migratory locust, Locusta migratoria migratorioides R. & F.  Parasitol. 43:<